Table 1.
Clinical applications in drug delivery.
| Disease | Therapeutic Agent | Drug Delivery System | Main Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Osteomyelitis | Antibiotics | PMMA, PLGA | Releases high levels of antibiotic at a local administration site. No side effects. |
| Cancer bone metastasis | DXR | PLGA-ALE | Higher or equal efficacy than free DXR in prevention of osteolytic bone metastases and reduction of DXR concentration in healthy tissues. |
| PTX, ALN | PEG | Marked increase in their half-life. Great binding affinity to the bone in vitro. | |
| Osteosarcoma | DXR | PLGA | Enhance DXR antitumoral efficacy compared with free drug. |
| Osteoarthritis | Dextran | Cationic nanoparticles | Increases the retention time, maintaining cartilage structure and composition. |
| IL-1Ra | IL-1Ra-tethered nanoparticles | ||
| Osteonecrosis | Simvastatin | PDLLA, PLGA | Decrease of inflammation. Facilitates osteogenic differentiation and maturation. |
| PDGF | Decrease of inflammation. Cell recruitment, (imitating the early mitogenic stage in wound healing). | ||
| Delayed-non unions | Osteoinductive agents, antibiotics | Composite systems | Promotes fracture healing and decreases risk of secondary osteomyelitis. |