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. 2018 Jun 29;7(3):52. doi: 10.3390/plants7030052

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The current model of the plant cellulose synthase complex (CSC) and CSC-associated proteins in vivo is shown. CSC forms hexagonal rosettes with 3 subunits of cellulose synthase A (CESA) comprising 1 rosette lobe, resulting in 18 CESAs within each CSC. CSC-associated proteins include cellulose synthase interactive protein 1 (CSI1), companion of cellulose synthase 1/2 (CC1/2), KORRIGAN1 (KOR1), and COBRA. CSI1 bridges CSCs to the cortical microtubules (MTs) through binding of its C2 domain and facilitates bidirectional movement of CSCs through the plasma membrane. CC1 and CC2 bind to MTs via the CC1/2 N-terminal domain, which is needed for maintaining CSC activity and MT dynamics under salt stress. KOR1 is an integral component of the CSC and possibly regulates cellulose biosynthesis through its endo-1,4-ß-d-glucanase activity. COBRA, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, is located in the extracellular matrix and regulates CSC activity, cellulose organization, and interaction with other cell-wall components.