Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of leprosy cases and associated factors in Bahia state, 2001–2014.
| Variables | Cases (Total) | Average Cases Annually (2001–2014) n (%) | Detection Rate a | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender b | |||||||
| Male | 20,132 | 1438 (50.3) | 20.75 | 19.70–21.85 | 1.03 | 0.96–1.11 | 0.3900 |
| Female | 19,922 | 1423 (49.7) | 20.08 | 19.07–21.15 | Ref | - | - |
| Age group (years) b | |||||||
| <15 | 3219 | 230 (8.0) | 5.44 | 4.78–6.19 | Ref | - | - |
| 15–29 | 9330 | 666 (23.3) | 15.87 | 14.70–17.12 | 2.91 | 2.51–3.39 | <0.0001 |
| 30–39 | 7092 | 507 (17.7) | 26.15 | 23.99–28.55 | 4.81 | 4.11–5.62 | <0.0001 |
| 40–49 | 6706 | 479 (16.7) | 32.85 | 30.04–35.93 | 6.03 | 5.16–7.06 | <0.0001 |
| 50–59 | 6052 | 432 (15.1) | 43.86 | 39.89–48.16 | 8.05 | 6.86–9.45 | <0.0001 |
| 60–69 | 4015 | 287 (10.0) | 44.30 | 39.49–49.76 | 8.14 | 6.85–9.68 | <0.0001 |
| ≥70 | 3640 | 260 (9.1) | 46.03 | 40.76–51.97 | 8.45 | 7.08–10.09 | <0.0001 |
| Ethnicity b | |||||||
| Caucasian | 6914 | 494 (20.1) | 16.10 | 14.74–17.58 | Ref | - | - |
| Afro-Brazilian | 6188 | 442 (18.0) | 22.22 | 20.24–24.39 | 1.38 | 1.33–1.43 | <0.0001 |
| Asian | 345 | 25 (1.0) | 26.97 | 18.50–40.40 | 1.68 | 1.50–1.87 | <0.0001 |
| Mixed/Pardo-Brazilian | 20,799 | 1486 (60.5) | 19.15 | 18.20–20.20 | 1.19 | 1.16–1.22 | <0.0001 |
| Amerindian | 156 | 11 (0.5) | 18.48 | 10.20–32.70 | 1.15 | 1.00–1.35 | 0.0881 |
| City size (by inhabitants) | |||||||
| Small (<100,000) | 21,348 | 1525 (53.3) | 18.10 | 17.21–19.03 | 1.34 | 1.21–1.49 | <0.0001 |
| Medium (100,000–500,000) | 12,279 | 877 (30.7) | 37.66 | 35.25–40.23 | 2.80 | 2.50–3.13 | <0.0001 |
| Large (>500,000) | 6433 | 460 (16.1) | 13.45 | 12.29–14.75 | Ref | - | - |
| Residing in the state capital | |||||||
| Yes | 4962 | 354 (12.4) | 12.96 | 11.66–14.36 | Ref | - | - |
| No | 35,098 | 2507 (87.6) | 22.22 | 21.37–23.11 | 1.72 | 1.54–1.92 | <0.0001 |
| Region b | |||||||
| North | 7916 | 565 (19.8) | 55.65 | 51.21–60.38 | 6.18 | 4.85–7.88 | <0.0001 |
| Northeast | 1030 | 74 (2.6) | 8.93 | 7.16–11.28 | Ref | - | - |
| South | 2791 | 199 (7.0) | 11.87 | 10.31–13.62 | 1.32 | 1.01–1.72 | 0.0422 |
| South-west | 2635 | 188 (6.6) | 10.76 | 9.32–12.40 | 1.20 | 0.91–1.57 | 0.1912 |
| East | 7677 | 548 (19.2) | 12.27 | 11.28–13.33 | 1.36 | 1.07–1.74 | 0.0121 |
| Central East | 4457 | 318 (11.1) | 15.37 | 13.76–17.13 | 1.71 | 1.33–2.20 | <0.0001 |
| West | 5576 | 398 (13.9) | 47.67 | 43.18–52.55 | 5.30 | 4.13–6.79 | <0.0001 |
| Far south | 6252 | 447 (15.6) | 58.91 | 53.75–64.69 | 6.56 | 5.13–8.39 | <0.0001 |
| Central North | 1725 | 123 (4.3) | 15.98 | 13.40–19.00 | 1.78 | 1.33–2.37 | 0.0001 |
| Total | 40,060 | 2861 (100.0) | 20.41 | 19.68–21.17 | - | - | - |
CI: confidence intervals; RR: relative risk; -: not calculated; a The average annual detection rate (per 100,000 inhabitants), based on the calculation of the average number of new cases in the period of fourteen years as the numerator and the size of the population in the middle of the study period, as the denominator. Population data on ethnicity were obtained from the Brazilian national census (2000 and 2010). The number of the population in relation to ethnicity, for the middle of the period, was derived from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) estimates; b Data not available in all cases (Gender: 6 cases, Age group: 6 cases, Ethnicity: 5658 cases, Health Regions: 1 case).