Table 2.

Adaptive traits related to abiotic stresses in legume crops.

Stress	Trait	Crop	References
Drought	High water use efficiency	Alfalfa, faba bean	[94,95]
	Vigorous root growth	Alfalfa, chickpea	[96,97]
	Osmolyte accumulation/osmotic adjustment/turgor maintenance	Alfalfa, faba bean	[96,98]
	Accumulation of antioxidants	Alfalfa	[96]
	Increased leaf cuticular wax	Alfalfa	[99]
	Early flowering/maturity	Chickpea, common bean, cowpea, faba bean, lentil	[86,100]
	Low leaf conductance/stomatal regulation/ transpiration	Faba bean	[95,96,98]
	Delayed leaf senescence	Alfalfa	[96]
	Changed leaf orientation	Soybean	[68]
	Reduced canopy temperature	Chickpea, Faba bean, soybean	[100,101,102]
	Relative water content	Faba bean	[101]
Salinity	Accumulation of osmolytes/osmotic adjustment/turgor maintenance	Field pea	[103]
Flooding	High stomatal conductance	Lentil	[104]
	Large air-spaces and aerenchyma in roots	Lentil, field pea, soybean	[104,105]
Heat	Increased pollen germination under stress	Field pea	[106]
	Reduced canopy temperature	Chickpea	[86,100]
	Accumulation of leaf cuticular wax	Field pea	[89]
	Early flowering/maturity	Lentil, field pea, chickpea	[10,86,90]
	Indeterminate growth habit	Field pea, chickpea	[25,100]
Cold	Presence of dehydrin protein	Cowpea	[107]
	Increased osmoprotectants	Faba bean	[108]
	Increased fatty acid desaturation of membrane lipids	Faba bean	[108]
	Maintenance of photosynthesis	Field pea	[109]