Table 2.
Metabolites differentiating between different sport groups
| Metabolite | Contrast | Fold change | Nominal p-value | FDR p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catechol sulfate | Football_Swimming | 0.9 | 3.04E-09 | 4.86E-06 |
| O-methylcatechol.sulfate | Football_Swimming | 1.1 | 3.35E-08 | 1.78E-05 |
| Quinate | Football_Swimming | 1.8 | 2.89E-08 | 1.78E-05 |
| 2-pyrrolidinone | Boxing_Rugby | 0.5 | 8.13E-08 | 3.24E-05 |
| 2-furoyl.glycine | Cycling_Football | −1.2 | 6.26E-07 | 0.0002 |
| 2-pyrrolidinone | Boxing_Cycling | 0.4 | 8.35E-07 | 0.0002 |
| 2-pyrrolidinone | Athletics_Rugby | 0.3 | 3.99E-06 | 0.0009 |
| Thioproline | Boxing_Rowing | 1.2 | 7.42E-06 | 0.002 |
| 1,3,7-trimethylurate | Athletics_Football | −1.0 | 1.79E-05 | 0.003 |
| Tartronate (hydroxymalonate) | Boxing_Rowing | −0.7 | 1.80E-05 | 0.003 |
| 2-pyrrolidinone | Football_Rugby | 0.3 | 1.83E-05 | 0.003 |
| Thioproline | Boxing_Cycling | 1.0 | 2.96E-05 | 0.004 |
| Thioproline | Athletics_Boxing | −0.8 | 3.50E-05 | 0.004 |
| Ferulic acid 4-sulfate | Cycling_Football | −0.9 | 3.87E-05 | 0.004 |
| Tartronate (hydroxymalonate) | Boxing_Rugby | −0.7 | 7.85E-05 | 0.007 |
| Tartronate (hydroxymalonate) | Boxing_Swimming | −0.5 | 6.76E-05 | 0.007 |
| 3-hydroxypyridine sulfate | Cycling_Football | −1.3 | 7.90E-05 | 0.007 |
| 4-vinylguaiacol sulfate | Cycling_Football | −1.2 | 8.00E-05 | 0.007 |
| Ectoine | Football_Swimming | 0.9 | 8.32E-05 | 0.007 |
| Ferulic acid 4-sulfate | Football_Swimming | 0.9 | 7.10E-05 | 0.007 |
| 2-pyrrolidinone | Athletics_Cycling | 0.2 | 9.09E-05 | 0.007 |
| 2-pyrrolidinone | Boxing_Rowing | 0.4 | 9.30E-05 | 0.007 |
| 3-methyl catechol sulfate | Football_Swimming | 1.1 | 0.0001 | 0.007 |
| 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate | Boxing_Football | −1.6 | 0.0001 | 0.008 |
| Hippurate | Football_Swimming | 0.8 | 0.0001 | 0.009 |
| Eugenol.sulfate | Athletics_Swimming | 1.3 | 0.0002 | 0.009 |
| Retinol | Athletics_Boxing | −1.50 | 0.0002 | 0.010 |
| 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate | Athletics_Boxing | 1.5 | 0.0002 | 0.010 |
| Caffeic acid sulfate | Cycling_Football | −1.1 | 0.0002 | 0.010 |
| Tartronate (hydroxymalonate) | Boxing_Cycling | −0.5 | 0.0002 | 0.010 |
| 3-hydroxypyridine sulfate | Football_Swimming | 1.3 | 0.0002 | 0.011 |
| Tartronate (hydroxymalonate) | Boxing_Football | −0.5 | 0.0002 | 0.013 |
| Eugenol sulfate | Football_Swimming | 1.1 | 0.0003 | 0.017 |
| Stachydrine | Athletics_Swimming | 1.1 | 0.0004 | 0.018 |
| Ectoine | Cycling_Football | −0.8 | 0.0004 | 0.020 |
| Stachydrine | Athletics_Cycling | 1.1 | 0.0005 | 0.023 |
| 4-hydroxyhippurate | Athletics_Swimming | 0.7 | 0.0005 | 0.023 |
| Thioproline | Boxing_Football | 0.8 | 0.0007 | 0.028 |
| Methyl glucopyranoside (alpha/beta) | Athletics_Boxing | 1.0 | 0.0008 | 0.031 |
| 4-allylphenol sulfate | Athletics_Boxing | 1.2 | 0.0012 | 0.048 |
Levels of significantly different metabolites in the studied 7 groups (after correction for covariates) (FDR significance, p ≤ 0.05)