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. 2018 Sep 10;7:23. doi: 10.1186/s40035-018-0127-7

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Baseline associations between CSF P-tau, VILIP-1, and YKL-40 with other AD hallmarks. a–d The data are estimates (β-coefficients) from linear mixed-effects models with a confidence interval of 95%. These estimates are the main effects of biomarkers in the study of the baselines. Effects were significant (*), for MMSE (a): VILIP-1 in Aβ⁺ (p = 0.037); for hippocampal volume (b): YKL-40 in Aβ⁺ (p < 0.001); for ventricular volume (c): P-tau (p = 0.012), VILIP-1 (p < 0.001) in Aβ⁺ and VILIP-1 (p < 0.001) and YKL-40 (p < 0.001) in Aβ⁻ people. For WMH (d): P-tau in Aβ⁻ (p < 0.001). Biomarkers and outcomes were standardized to z-scores. Abbreviations: VILIP-1, Visinin-like protein-1; YKL-40, Chitinase-3-like protein 1; AD, Alzheimer’s disease