Table 1.

Studies evaluating the risk of fracture among HIV/chronic hepatitis C virus co-infected patients.

Study	Study Population	Fracture Type/Site	No. of Patients, by HIV/HCV Status	Incidence Rate of Fracture	Risk of Fracture (Hazard Ratio [95% CI])
Lo Re (2012) [3]	Men, women	Hip	HCV/HIV (N=36,950) HCV (N=276,901) HIV (N=95,827) Uninfected (N=3,110,904)	3.06/1000 patient-years 2.69/1000 patient-years 1.95/1000 patient-years 1.29/1000 patient-years	HCV/HIV vs HCV: 1.38 (1.25–1.53) HCV/HIV vs HIV:  Female: 1.76 (1.44–2.16)  Male: 1.36 (1.20–1.55) HCV/HIV vs Uninfected:  Female: 2.65 (2.21–3.17)  Male: 2.20 (1.97–2.47).
Maalouf (2013) [12]	Men	Hip, wrist, vertebra	HIV/HCV (N=17,762) HIV (N=38,898)	2.57/1000 patient-years 2.07/1000 patient-years	HCV/HIV vs HIV: 1.24
Hansen (2012)[5]	General population	Low-energy fractures	HIV/HCV (N=851) HIV (N=4,455) Uninfected (N=26,530)	17.7/1000 patient-years 7.4/1000 patient-years 4.8/1000 patient-years	HCV/HIV vs. uninfected: 3.8 (3.0–4.9)
Yin (2010) [16]	Post-menopausal Women	Self-reported fragility and non-fragility fractures	HIV/HCV (N=438) HIV(N=1,290) Uninfected (N=567)	NR	HCV/HIV vs. HIV: 2.0 (1.49–2.70)
Young (2011) [14]	Men, women	All fractures	HIV/HCV (NR)* HIV (NR)*	NR	HCV/HIV vs. HIV: 2.18 (1.12–4.26)
Yin (2012) [15]	Peri-menopausal women	Self-reported fragility and non-fragility fractures	HIV/HCV (N=434) HIV(N=4,206)	NR	HCV/HIV vs. HIV: 2.2 (1.2–4.1)
Yin (2010) [16]	Post-menopausal Women	Self-reported fragility and non-fragility fractures	HIV/HCV (N=438) HIV(N=1,290) Uninfected (N=567)	NR	HCV/HIV vs. HIV: 2.0 (1.49–2.70)

Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; HCV=hepatitis C virus; NR=not reported.

^*Total study population was 5,826 HIV-infected patients. Number of HCV-co-infected not provided in this report.