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. 2018 Sep 26;12(1):249–261. doi: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1482183

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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Charge-neutralization of D4 in VSD IV of Ca_V1.3 affects voltage sensitivity and peak current density. (A) Domain structure of Ca_V1.3 indicating the location of D4 in the outer S3 helix of VSD IV. (B) GFP-Ca_V1.3 and mutant GFP-Ca_V1.3-ΔE32-D4N are targeted to triads of dysgenic (Ca_V1.1^−/-) myotubes. Scale bar, 10 μm. (C) Representative calcium currents of GFP-Ca_V1.3-ΔE32 (blue) and mutant GFP-Ca_V1.3-ΔE32-D4N (orange) at 0 mV and + 20 mV. (D) I/V curves and (F) the scatter plot of the current density (I peak) show that D4N has a reduced current density. (E) Factional activation curves and (G) scatter plot of the V½ indicate that voltage sensitivity was reduced significantly by the charge neutralization of D4. (Mean± SEM; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; n = 9,10; Unpaired t-test).