Table 4.
Characteristics of participants from the DCH cohort, with a status of incident asthma, COPD, or ACO at follow-up (2013)
| Characteristics | Asthma (n=785) | COPD (n=2,886) | ACO (n=561) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 56.5 (4.4) | 58.1 (4.4) | 58.2 (4.4) |
| 50–54, n (%) | 348 (44.3) | 861 (29.8) | 158 (28.2) |
| 55–59, n (%) | 235 (29.9) | 901 (31.2) | 176 (31.4) |
| 60–65, n (%) | 202 (25.7) | 1,123 (38.9) | 227 (40.5) |
| Men, n (%) | 495 (63.1) | 1,337 (46.3) | 223 (39.8) |
| Never smoked, n (%) | 351 (44.7) | 174 (6.0) | 84 (15.0) |
| Previously smoked, n (%) | 260 (33.1) | 478 (16.6) | 148 (26.4) |
| Currently smoke, n (%) | 174 (22.2) | 2,234 (77.4) | 329 (58.6) |
| Smoking duration (years), mean (SD) | 25.9(11.8) | 37.2 (8.6) | 34.6 (10.1) |
| Smoking intensity (g/day), mean (SD) | 5.7 (9.1) | 15.9 (11.8) | 11.7 (10.5) |
| ETS, n (%) | 449 (57.2) | 2,557 (88.6) | 452 (80.6) |
| Occupational exposure, n (%) | 164 (20.9) | 998 (34.6) | 164 (29.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.5 (4.2) | 25.7 (4.5) | 26.1 (4.7) |
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), n (%) | 4 (0.5) | 63 (2.2) | 11 (2.0) |
| Normal (18.5–25 kg/m2), n (%) | 309 (39.4) | 1,326 (45.9) | 232 (41.4) |
| Overweight (25–30 kg/m2), n (%) | 333 (42.4) | 1,050 (36.4) | 223 (39.8) |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2), n (%) | 139 (17.7) | 447 (15.5) | 95 (16.9) |
| Physically active in leisure time, n (%) | 432 (55.0) | 1,167 (40.4) | 221 (39.4) |
| Fruit intake (g/day), mean (SD) | 191.8 (144.8) | 153.4 (144.1) | 176.6 (159.4) |
| Ever HRT user, n (%) | 265 (33.8) | 823 (28.5) | 184 (32.8) |
| <8 years of education, n (%) | 223 (28.4) | 1,358 (47.1) | 250 (44.6) |
| 8–10 years of education, n (%) | 395 (50.3) | 1,153 (40.0) | 239 (42.6) |
| ≥10 years of education, n (%) | 167 (21.3) | 375 (13.0) | 72 (12.8) |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 173 (22.0) | 1,017 (35.2) | 207 (36.9) |
| Unmarried, n (%) | 45 (5.7) | 1,358 (47.1) | 24 (4.3) |
| Married, n (%) | 558 (71.1) | 1,153 (40.0) | 341 (60.8) |
| Divorced, n (%) | 136 (17.3) | 375 (13.0) | 141 (25.1) |
| Widowed, n (%) | 46 (5.9) | 1,358 (47.1) | 55 (9.8) |
| Asthma before baseline, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| COPD before baseline, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| MI, n (%) | 13 (1.7) | 113 (3.9) | 17 (3.0) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 4 (0.5) | 83 (2.9) | 13 (2.3) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 13 (1.7) | 65 (2.3) | 15 (2.7) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 155 (19.7) | 518 (17.9) | 103 (18.4) |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 46 (5.9) | 270 (9.4) | 38 (6.8) |
Abbreviations: DCH, Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACO, asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; BMI, body mass index; MI, myocardial infarction; HRT, hormone replacement therapy.