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Structure of human α-CAs. Surface depiction of (A) CA II, PDB ID 3KS3 (grey), (B) CA IX, PDB ID 3IAI (green), C) CA XII, PDB ID IJCZ (wheat). Active site zinc (magenta sphere), hydrophilic (purple) and hydrophobic (orange) residues are shown. Residues within the active site that are different between these CAs are labeled (CA II numbering). CA II (N67, I91, F131, V135), CA IX (Q67, L91, V131, L135) and CA XII (K67, T91, A131, S135).
