Table 1. Zika virus vaccines in pre-clinical and clinical development.

NAbs, neutralizing antibodies; ZPIV, ZIKV purified inactivated virus vaccine; Ad, adenovirus-based vaccine; MVA, modified Vaccinia virus Ankara; MV, measles virus-based vaccine; NA, not applicable; NS1, non-structural protein 1; ZIKV-LAV, live-attenuated vaccine; prM-ENV, precursor membrane envelope; ?, not reported or published

Vaccine	Antigen	Induction of NAbs	Short-term protection in mice	Immunocompetentce mouse model	Short-term protection in monkeys	Long-term protection in monkeys	Advanced to clinical trial	Refs
ZPIV	NA	Yes	Yes	Competent	100%	79%	Phase I	Larocca et al. Nature, 20167 Abbink et al. Science, 201668 Abbink et al. Sci Trans Med, 201769
DNA	prM-ENV	Yes	Yes	Competent	100%	29%	Phase I/II	Larocca et al. Nature, 2016 Abbink et al. Science, 2016 Dowd et al. Science, 201670 Abbink et al. Sci Trans Med, 2017
Ad	prM-ENV	Yes	Yes	Competent Competent/Deficient	100%	100%	Phase I	Abbink et al. Science, 2016 Abbink et al. Sci Trans Med, 2017 Xu et al. J Virol, 201871
mRNA	prM-ENV	Yes	Yes	Competent/Deficient Competent	100%	?	Phase I/II	Richner et al. Cell, 201754 Pardi et al. Nature, 201755
MVA	NS1	Yes	Yes	Competent	?	?	Phase I	Brault et al. Sci Rep, 201773
MeV	prM-ENV	Yes	?	?	?	?	Phase I	www.zikavax.eu
ZIKV-LAV	NA	Yes	Yes	Competent Deficient Competent/Deficient	?	?	NA	Shan et al. Nat Med, 201774 Kwek et al. Nat Comm, 201875 Li et al, Nat Comm, 201876