Figure 1:

The origin and use of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) to assess the microbial quality of water and fresh food: a) large quantities of PMMoV are ingested by people consuming processed pepper products; b) which pass through the human digestive system; and c) enter domestic wastewater streams in high concentrations; which consequently, d) can be used to determine microbial quality with respect to fecal pollution as a domestic wastewater indicator or a surrogate for enteric viruses.