Table 3.
Recommended Initial Screening Tests for the Evaluation of Pediatric Hypertension
| European Guidelines | US Guidelines | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | All | Selected group | All | Selected group |
| Physical Examination | ||||
| - 4 limb BP | X | |||
| Laboratory Evaluation | ||||
| - Urea and Creatinine | X | X | ||
| - Electrolytes | X | X | ||
| - Urinalysis | X | X | ||
| - Lipids | X (fasting) | X | (fasting in obesity) | |
| - Fasting glucose | X | X (high risk DM) | ||
| - Urine culture | X | |||
| - Urine microalbumin | X | |||
| - Uric acid | X | |||
| - Hemoglobin A1c | X (obesity) | |||
| - AST/ALT | X (obesity) | |||
| Imaging Tests | ||||
| - Renal Ultrasound | X | X (children < 6 years or ≥ 6 years with concern for renal disease) | ||
| - Echocardiography | X | X (at medication initiation) | ||
| 24-hour ABPM | X (at medication initiation or if clinical condition warrants) | X | ||
US=United States; BP=blood pressure; ABPM=ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; AST=aspartate transaminase; ALT=alanine transaminase