Table 1.

Plant disease control efficacy of the Trevesia palmata methanol extract and its partitioned fractions.

Treatment	Disease control efficacy (%)
	RCB	RSB	TGM	TLB	WLR	BPM	PAN
Methanol extract	60 ± 0*	0	79 ± 0**	43 ± 0*	3 ± 4	0	25 ± 11
n-Hexane layer	30 ± 14	0	7 ± 10	7 ± 10	13 ± 10	0	58 ± 12*
Ethyl acetate layer	70 ± 0*	5 ± 7	86 ± 0**	57 ± 0**	3 ± 4	0	50 ± 0*
n-Butanol layer	60 ± 14*	0	75 ± 6**	64 ± 10**	53 ± 0**	0	8 ± 11
Water layer	0	0	0	0	0	0	8 ± 11
Positive control	100**	100**	100**	100**	100**	100**	86 ± 0**

Methanol extract and each fraction (2,000 μg/ml) were applied onto plants one day prior to inoculation with fungal pathogens. As a positive control of each plant disease, blasticidin S (50 μg/ml) for RCB, validamycin (50 μg/ml) for RSB, fludioxonil (50 μg/ml) for TGM, dimethomorph (10 μg/ml) for TLB, flusilazole (10 μg/ml) for WLR, flusilazole (10 μg/ml) for BPM, and dithianon (50 μg/ml) for PAN were used. Control value (%) represent the mean ± standard deviation of two runs with three replicates. Asterisks indicate significant difference compared with negative controls by Tukey’s test (**p < 0.001, *p < 0.01). RCB, rice blast (caused by Magnaporthe oryzae); RSB, rice sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctonia solani); TGM, tomato gray mold (caused by Botrytis cinerea); TLB, tomato late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans); WLR, wheat leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina); BPM, barley powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei); and PAN, pepper anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum coccodes).