Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristics | Values |
| Age median (range); yr | 51 (42-66) |
| Sex male (%) | 35 (41) |
| BMI median (range); kg/cm2 | 20.6 (18.6-22.8) |
| Preoperative symptoms; n (%) | |
| Weight loss | 44 (51) |
| Chest pain | 51 (59) |
| Dysphagia | 84 (98) |
| Regurgitation | 78 (91) |
| Previous interventions; n (%) (overlapping) | |
| None | 44 (51) |
| Pharmacological therapy | 21 (24) |
| Endoscopic pneumatic balloon dilation | 20 (23) |
| Surgical myotomy | 4 (5) |
| Diagnosis; n (%) | |
| Esophageal achalasia | 80 (93) |
| Jackhammer esophagus | 5 (6) |
| Diffuse esophageal spasm | 1 (1) |
| Preoperative Eckardt score median (range); point | 6 (4-7) |