Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients studied
| Total N = 5729 | Patients starting on LAMA N = 4001 | Patients starting on LABA/LAMA N = 1728 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (men) | 4406 (76.9) | 3043 (76.1) | 1363 (78.9) | 0.02 |
| Age, years | 66.25 (11.1) | 66.42 (11.1) | 65.84 (11.1) | NS |
| Years from diagnosis | 3.33 (4.9) | 3.08 (4.7) | 3.91 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 29.14 (5.3) | 29.04 (5.2) | 29.36 (5.4) | NS |
| Smoking history (n,%) | NS | |||
| Never smoker | 1115 (19.5) | 792 (19.8) | 323 (18.7) | |
| Active smoker | 2232 (39) | 1586 (39.6) | 646 (37.4) | |
| Former smoker | 2318 (40.5) | 1588 (39.7) | 730 (42.2) | |
| Unknown | 64 (1.1) | 35 (0.9) | 29 (1.7) | |
| Phenotype (n, %) | NS | |||
| ACO | 183 (3.2) | 128 (3.2) | 55 (3.2) | |
| Non exacerbator | 1303 (22.7) | 890 (22.2) | 413 (23.9) | |
| Exacerbator | 4243 (74.1) | 2983 (74.6) | 1260 (72.9) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Asthma | 262 (4.6) | 184 (4.6) | 78 (4.5) | NS |
| Bronchiectasis | 233 (4.1) | 180 (4.5) | 53 (3.1) | 0.01 |
| OSA | 331 (5.8) | 232 (5.8) | 99 (5.7) | NS |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 808 (14.1) | 570 (14.2) | 238 (13.8) | NS |
| Heart failure | 483 (8.4) | 306 (7.6) | 177 (10.2) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrilation | 593 (10.4) | 411 (10.3) | 182 (10.5) | NS |
| Hypertension | 3307 (57.7) | 2303 (57.6) | 1004 (58.1) | NS |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1443 (25.2) | 1002 (25) | 441 (25.5) | NS |
| Dyslipidemia | 2915 (50.9) | 2069 (51.7) | 846 (49) | 0.05 |
| Depression | 1049 (18.3) | 746 (18.6) | 303 (17.5) | NS |
| Osteoporosis | 396 (6.9) | 290 (7.2) | 106 (6.1) | NS |
| GERD | 299 (5.2) | 212 (5.3) | 87 (5) | NS |
| Complementary tests | ||||
| Spirometries with FEV1 | 2271 (39.6) | 1584 (39.6) | 687 (39.8) | NS |
| FEV1 % | 62.5 (18.9) | 65.0 (18.6) | 56.9 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| Severity N (%) (n = 2271) | <0.001 | |||
| Gold 1 | 354 (15.6) | 296 (18.7) | 58 (8.4) | |
| Gold 2 | 1415 (62.3) | 1013 (64) | 402 (58.5) | |
| Gold 3 | 424 (18.7) | 236 (14.9) | 188 (27.4) | |
| Gold 4 | 78 (3.4) | 39 (2.5) | 39 (5.7) | |
| Exacerbations during the previous 12 months, n (%) | NS | |||
| 0 exacerbations | 2685 (46.9) | 1871 (46.7) | 814 (47.1) | |
| 1 exacerbations | 1741 (30.4) | 1240 (31.0) | 501 (28.9) | |
| ≥2 exacerbations | 1303 (22.7) | 890 (22.2) | 413 (23.9) | |
| Hospital admission during the previous 12 months, n (%) | ||||
| Total | 449 (7.8) | 294 (7.3) | 155 (9) | 0.03 |
| Respiratory hospital admission | 22 (0.4) | 13 (0.3) | 9 (0.5) | NS |
Data are expressed as mean (SD) unless specified otherwise
BMI body mass index, ACO asthma COPD overlap, OSA obstructive sleep apnoea, GERD gastrooesophageal reflux disease, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, GOLD global initiative for obstructive chronic pulmonary disease