Structural comparison of IKK-related kinases. (A). The kinase domain of IKKε shares 27% identity with IKKα and 24% identity with IKKβ. TBK1 shares 49% identity and 65% similarity with IKKε. (B). Surface views of TBK1 (left panels) and IKKβ (right panels), with corresponding domains colored in TBK1 and IKKβ. In TBK1, the ULDs bridge between dimer SDDs, but extend away from the opposite SDDs in IKKβ. The kinase domains in the IKKβ dimer are differently oriented and do not form dimer contacts. The IKKβ structure is drawn from Protein Data Bank ID code 3QA8 [28]. The TBK1 structure is drawn from Protein Data Bank ID code 4IM0 [29]. TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1; IKK, IκB kinase; KD, kinase domain; ULD, ubiquitin-like domain; SDD, scaffold dimerization domain; NBD, NEMO-binding domain. Adapted from [5,29,30].