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. 2018 Sep 1;10(9):351. doi: 10.3390/toxins10090351

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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EspP stimulates Isc in proximal colonic HCM and its action is independent of its serine protease activity. (A,B) Representative Isc traces show that apically added EspP increases active ion transport in (A) undifferentiated and (B) differentiated HCM. (C) Representative Isc trace shows that EspP S263A also stimulates active ion transport in HCM. (D) Quantitative analysis of the increase in Isc shows that both EspP and EspP S263A–stimulated currents are of similar magnitude regardless of HCM differentiation status. Blue arrows indicate time that EspP or EspP S263A were added. N is the number of monolayers studied.