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. 2018 Jun 25;4(3):77. doi: 10.3390/jof4030077

Table 2.

Spectrum of VOCs emitted by Muscodor species and their anti-fungal activity predominantly against plant pathogenic fungi.

No. Name of the Endophytic Fungi Geographic Area of Isolation Major VOCs Produced Anti-Fungal Activity Refs.
1 Muscodor albus Central America (Honduras) 2-methylpropanoic acid; 3-methyl-1-butanol;
ethanol; acetic acid (methyl ester)		 Rhizoctonia solani; Phytophthora cinnamomi;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Fusarium solani, Verticillium dahliae 		[91]
2 M. vitigenus South America (Peru) naphthalene; caryophyllene;
azulene		 R. solani; Phoma sp.; C. coefficola [98]
3 M. roseus Australia 2-butenoic acid (ethyl ester);
1,2,4-tri-methyl-benzene;
2-nonadiene		 Antifungal spectrum not reported [101]
4 M. yucatensis South America (Mexico) caryophyllene; aromadendrene Botrytis cineria; R. solani; C. coefficola; Phoma sp. [102]
5 M. fengyangensis China 2-methylpropionic acid;
β-phellendrene		 B. cineria; Aspergillus clavatus; Colletotrichum fragiae; Sclerotium rolfsii [90]
6 M. crispans South America (Bolivia) 2-methylpropanoic acid;
ethanol; ethyl acetate		 B. cineria; Curvularia lunata; P. cinnamomi; S. sclerotiorum [103]
7 M. sutura USA
(Columbia)		 butylated hydroxytoleuene; octacecanoic acid;
thujopsene; 2-methylpropanoic acid; naphthalene		 Aspergillus fumigatus;
Colletotrichum lagenarium; B. cineria; Cercospora beticola; Phytophthora palmivora; Fusarium solani 		[104]
8 M. musae Thailand 3-methylbutanol acetate
2-methylpropanoic acid		 Alternaria porri; Alternaria solani; Colletotrichum gloereosporioides; Nigrospora oryzae [105]
9 M. oryzae Thailand 3-methylbutan-1-ol;
2-methylpropanoic acid		 A. porri; A. solani; Aspergillus flavus; B. cineria; C. gloereosporioides; N. oryzae [105]
10 M. suthepensis Thailand 3-methylpropanoic acid
3-methylbutan-1-ol		 A. porri; Alternaria alternata; Aspergillus flavus; B. cineria; C. gloereosporioides; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium solani; N. oryzae [105]
11 M. equiseti Thailand 3-methylbutan-1-ol;
3-methylbutanoyl acetate;
2-methylpropanoic acid		 A. porri; A. solani; B. cineria; C. gloereosporioides; F. oxysporum; F. solani; N. oryzae [105]
12 M. cinnamomi Thailand 2-methylpropanoic acid;2-methyl butanoic acid; azulene Rhizoctonia solani [105]
13 M. kashayum India 1-methyl-4(1-methylethhylidene)-cyclohexane;
2(4-morpholinyl)ethylamine;
9-octadecanoic acid (methyl ester);
4-octadecylmorpholine		 Bionectria ochroleuca;
Cercospora beticola;
Chaetomium heterosporum;
C. gloereosporioides; F. oxysporum; Fusarium equiseti; Curvularia lunata 		[106]
14 M. darjeelingensis India 4-octadecylmorpholine;
2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-oxopropyl)phenol;
beta-aminoethyl-morpholine		 Lasiodiplodia theobromae;
A. alternata;
Rhizoctonia solani;
Cercospora beticola 		[107]
15 M. strobelii India 4-octadecylmorpholine;
tetraoxapropellan;
aspidofractanine-3-methanol;viridiflorol		 Rhizoctonia solani;
Colletotrichum gloereosporioides; Fusarium oxysporum; Lasiodiplodia theobromae 		[108]
16 M. tigrii India 4-octadecylmorpholine;
1-tetradecamine n, n-dimethyl
1,2-benzidicarboxylic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester		 Alternaria alternate
Cercospora beticola 		[109]
17 M. heavae Thailand 2-phenylethanol; azulene Aspergillus niger; Phellinus noxius; Rigidoporus microporus [110]
18 M. ghoomensis India n,n-dimethyl-1-nonadecamine;
4-octadecylmorpholine		 Cercospora beticola [111]
19 M. indica India n, n-dimethyl-1-pentadecamine;
4-morpholinethanamine		 Cercospora beticola
Penicillium marnaeffi 		[111]
20 M. camphora India tetracontane;
4-octadecylmorpholine;
n, n-dimethyl-1-pentadecamine		 Colletotrichum gloereosporioides; Lasiodiplodia theobromae [112]