Table 1.
Transcription Factors Distinguishing Various Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the Differential Diagnosis of Paragangliomas in Unusual Locations.
| Site | Transcription Factors Frequently Expressed |
|---|---|
| Pituitary | Pit-1, Tpit, SF-1, ER-alpha, GATA-3, GATA-2 |
| Thyroid | PAX-8 *, TTF-1 |
| Parathyroid | GATA-3, GCM-2 |
| Lung | TTF-1 |
| Stomach | CDX-2 |
| Duodenum | ISL-1, PDX-1, CDX-2 |
| Pancreas | PDX-1, ISL-1, CDX-2 |
| Jejunum/Ileum | CDX-2 |
| Appendix | CDX-2 |
| Colon/Rectum | CDX-2 |
| Paragangliomas | GATA-3 |
Pit-1: pituitary specific transcription factor 1; Tpit: T-box transcription factor; SF-1: Steroidogenic factor-1, ER-alpha: Estrogen receptor alpha, GATA-3: GATA-binding factor 3, GATA-2: GATA-binding factor -2; PAX8: Paired Box 8; TTF-1: Thyroid transcription factor-1; GCM-2: Glial cell missing 2; CDX-2: Caudal Type Homeobox 2; PDX-1: Pancreatic and Duodenal Homeobox-1; ISL-1: ISL LIM Homeobox 1. (*) Monoclonal.