Table 3.
The activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, GSSG-R, SOD, TrxR) and the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, Trx, vitamins A, E, and C) in keratinocytes and fibroblasts after exposure to UVA (30 J/cm2 and 20 J/cm2) and UVB radiation (60 mJ/cm2 and 200 mJ/cm2, respectively) and sea buckthorn seeds oil (500 ng/mL) treatment.
| Antioxidant Parameters | Keratinocytes | Fibroblasts | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Control | UVA | UVB | Control | UVA | UVB | |
| GSH-Px [mU/mg protein] |
- | 13.6 ± 0.6 | 10.8 ± 0.5 x | 7.8 ± 0.4 x | 11.8 ± 0.6 | 26.4 ± 1.2 x | 29.5 ± 1.4 x |
| + | 15.6 ± 0.7 x | 12.4 ± 0.6 ya | 14.8 ± 0.7 b | 16.3 ± 0.8 x | 26.9 ± 1.3 xy | 31.2 ± 1.5 xy | |
| GSSG-R [mU/mg protein] |
- | 26.3 ± 1.2 | 23.8 ± 1.2 x | 19.2 ± 0.9 x | 22.3 ± 1.1 | 45.6 ± 2.2 x | 56.2 ± 2.7 x |
| + | 22.5 ± 1.1 x | 21.8 ± 1.1 x | 18.7 ± 0.9 xy | 26.9 ± 1.3 x | 34.6 ± 1.7 xy | 49.3 ± 2.4 xy | |
| SOD [mU/mg protein] |
- | 28.4 ± 1.3 | 23.1 ± 1.1 x | 21.6 ± 1.1 x | 26.3 ± 1.2 | 21.3 ± 1.0 x | 14.6 ± 0.7 x |
| + | 30.5 ± 1.5 | 25.6 ± 1.2 xy | 24.7 ± 1.2 xyb | 20.6 ± 1.0 x | 18.5 ± 0.9 xya | 12.3 ± 0.6 xyb | |
| TrxR [µU/mg protein] |
- | 112 ± 5 | 93 ± 4 x | 84 ± 4 x | 331 ± 16 | 204 ± 10 x | 141 ± 7 x |
| + | 104 ± 5 | 421 ± 11 xya | 300 ± 9 xyb | 312 ± 15 | 243 ± 11 xya | 182 ± 8 xyb | |
| Trx [µg/mg protein] |
- | 1.5 ± 0.07 | 1 ± 0.07 x | 0.8 ± 0.07 x | 0.9 ± 0.04 | 0.4 ± 0.01 x | 0.4 ± 0.02 x |
| + | 1.6 ± 0.08 | 1.6 ± 0.08 xa | 1.1 ± 0.07 xb | 1.5 ± 0.07 x | 1 ± 0.04 xya | 1.1 ± 0.05 xyb | |
| GSH [nmol/mg protein] |
- | 26.2 ± 1.2 | 11.4 ± 0.5 x | 9.6 ± 0.4 x | 14.6 ± 0.7 | 8.2 ± 0.4 x | 5.6 ± 0.3 x |
| + | 37.7 ± 1.8 x | 27.7 ± 1.3 ya | 22.3 ± 1.1 xyb | 15.6 ± 0.8 | 10.4 ± 0.5 xya | 10.1 ± 0.5 xyb | |
| vitamin A [nmol/mg protein] |
- | 53 ± 2.5 | 39 ± 1.9 x | 35 ± 1.7 x | 41 ± 2.1 | 34 ± 1.6 x | 33 ± 1.6 x |
| + | 63 ± 3.0 x | 59 ± 2.8 xa | 56 ± 2.7 yb | 46 ± 2.2 | 41 ± 2.1 a | 38 ± 1.8 xyb | |
| vitamin E [nmol/mg protein] |
- | 453 ± 22.1 | 325 ± 15.9 x | 303 ± 14.8 x | 336 ± 16.5 | 287 ±1 4.1 x | 269 ± 13.1 x |
| + | 517 ± 25.3 x | 491 ± 24.1 ya | 478 ± 23.4 yb | 401 ± 19.5 x | 381 ± 18.6 xa | 351 ± 17.2 yb | |
Mean values ± SD of five independent experiments are presented. x statistically significant differences vs. control group, p < 0.05; y statistically significant differences between UVA/UVB and oil treated groups vs. oil treated control group, p < 0.05; a statistically significant differences between UVA and oil treated group vs. UVA treated group, p < 0.05; b statistically significant differences between UVB and oil treated group vs. UVB treated group, p < 0.05. Abbreviations: UVA: ultraviolet type A; UVB: ultraviolet type B; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; GSSG-R: glutathione reductase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TrxR: thioredoxin reductase; Trx: thioredoxin; GSH: glutathione.