Table 1.

The distinction between the effect of uremic toxins on CKD-MBD and uremic osteoporosis.

Disease
➢ CKD-MBD Skeleton desensitized to PTH Promoted osteoblast apoptosis Inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function Thinning of the skeletal cortex Abnormality of the bone turnover rate Secondary mineralization deformity
➢ Uremic osteoporosis Increased mineral-to-matrix ratio and carbonate substitution, and decreased crystallinity Cortical bone weakening Uneven arrangement of colloids, fibers, and crystals Increased number of immature crystals in the bone Pathological crosslinks of bone fibers