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. 2018 Aug 15;5(3):43. doi: 10.3390/jcdd5030043

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The effects of pressure overload on metabolism in CHIP−/− hearts. Metabolomic analysis of whole hearts isolated from wild-type or CHIP−/− mice one week after a sham surgery or trans-aortic banding (TAB) were analyzed using (a) principal component analysis (PCA) and (b) two-way ANOVA, N = 3 hearts per genotype per condition. Variances captured by the first and third principal components (PC) are shown. Differential metabolites via ANOVA (FDR < 10%) were clustered and represented by a heatmap. (c) Ex-vivo oxidative ATP generation rates in mouse heart homogenates summarized by the mean ± SEM using either fatty acid (open bars) or glucose (hashed bars) as a substrate. Two-way ANOVA for glucose oxidation, N = 3 hearts per genotype per condition: * p < 0.05 of genotype main effect and interaction between genotype and surgery, post-test: † p < 0.05 glucose oxidation in wild-type vs. CHIP−/− after one week of TAB. Two-way ANOVA for fatty acid oxidation, * p < 0.05 on surgery main effect. Two-way ANOVA for total ATP, * p < 0.05 on surgery main effect, ** p < 0.01 on genotype main effect and interaction, post-test: ‡‡ p < 0.01 total ATP in wild-type sham vs. TAB mice, post-test, ‡ p < 0.05 total ATP in wild-type vs. CHIP−/− after one week of TAB and the surgery-dependent percent change in ATP production rates (TAB vs. sham) in wild-type vs. CHIP−/− was significant at p = 0.039. (d) Steady-state ATP levels in mouse hearts represented by dot plot and summarized by the mean ± SEM, N = 6 hearts per genotype, per condition. Two-way ANOVA interaction of the main effects p = 0.0177, post-test: † p < 0.05 in wild-type vs. CHIP−/− at one week of TAB and the surgery-dependent percent change in ATP levels (TAB vs. sham) in wild-type vs. CHIP−/− was significant at p = 0.034. (e) Pearson correlation analysis of ATP determined by ex vivo oxidization rates (ATPox) or measured steady-state ATP levels (ATPm) * p = 0.0153.