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. 2018 Aug 24;7(9):239. doi: 10.3390/jcm7090239

Table 2.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for semen improvement.

Variable Semen Improvement Crude OR
(95% CI)
Adjusted OR
(95% CI)
No
N = 23 (%)
Yes
N = 40 (%)
TCM
     No 10 (43.5) 3 (7.50) ref ref
     Yes 13 (56.5) 37 (92.5) 9.49 (2.26–39.9) 10.7 (2.28–50.4)
Age group, years
     <40 14 (60.9) 32 (80.0) ref ref
     ≥40 9 (39.1) 8 (20.0) 0.39 (0.12–1.22) 0.37 (0.10–1.40)
Duration of infertility, yeas
     <3 9 (39.1) 16 (40.0) ref ref
     ≥3 14 (60.9) 24 (60.0) 0.96 (0.34–2.75) 1.04 (0.27–4.02)
BMI
     <24 7 (30.4) 14 (35.0) ref ref
     ≥24 16 (69.6) 26 (65.0) 0.81 (0.27–2.44) 0.84 (0.22–3.16)
Smokers (ref: non-smokers) 5 (21.7) 4 (10.0) 0.40 (0.10–1.67) 0.27 (0.04–1.72)
Alcohol use (ref: nonusers) 1 (4.35) 2 (5.00) 1.16 (0.10–13.5) 1.44 (0.09–22.1)
Infertility type
     Primary 22 (95.7) 39 (97.5) ref ref
     Secondary 1 (4.35) 1 (2.50) 0.56 (0.03–9.47) 0.21 (0.01–4.30)

Semen non-improvement: Post-intervention meets one of the following: 1. Concentration: <15 million/mL; 2. Total motility: <40%; 3. Morphology: <4%.