Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and comorbidities of propensity-score matched patients with and without cervical spondylosis.
| Cervical Spondylosis | Standard Mean Difference § | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| (N = 22,236) | (N = 22,236) | ||
| Sex | |||
| Women | 12,791 (57.5) | 12,766 (57.4) | 0.002 |
| Men | 9445 (42.5) | 8470 (42.6) | 0.002 |
| Age stratified | |||
| ≤49 | 8067 (36.3) | 8817 (39.7) | 0.07 |
| 50–64 | 8885 (40.0) | 8407 (37.8) | 0.04 |
| 65 + | 5284 (23.8) | 5012 (22.5) | 0.03 |
| Age, mean ± SD | 54.4 (13.4) | 54.3 (13.3) | 0.01 |
| Frequency of medical visits/per year, Means (SD) † | 15.1 (13.9) | 15.8 (13.9) | 0.05 |
| Occupation | |||
| White collar | 11,412 (51.3) | 11,429 (51.4) | 0.002 |
| Blue collar | 7889 (35.5) | 7884 (35.5) | 0.000 |
| Others & | 2935 (13.2) | 2923 (13.2) | 0.002 |
| Urbanization level † | |||
| 1 (highest) | 7353 (33.1) | 7373 (33.2) | 0.002 |
| 2 | 6782 (30.5) | 6723 (30.2) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 3534 (15.9) | 3594 (16.2) | 0.01 |
| 4 (lowest) | 4567 (20.5) | 4546 (20.4) | 0.002 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes | 2385 (10.7) | 2352 (10.6) | 0.005 |
| Hypertension | 8574 (38.6) | 8471 (38.1) | 0.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 6887 (31.0) | 6785 (30.5) | 0.01 |
| CAD | 4366 (19.6) | 4276 (19.2) | 0.01 |
| Stroke | 903 (4.06) | 898 (4.04) | 0.001 |
| CKD or ESRD | 338 (1.52) | 329 (1.48) | 0.003 |
| COPD | 3093 (13.9) | 3054 (13.7) | 0.01 |
| Cancer | 623 (2.80) | 618 (2.78) | 0.001 |
| CHF | 560 (2.52) | 533 (2.40) | 0.01 |
| Sleep apnea | 114 (0.51) | 114 (0.51) | 0.000 |
| Medications | |||
| NSAID | 7649 (34.4) | 7627 (34.3) | 0.002 |
| All Beta blocker | 9088 (40.9) | 9062 (40.8) | 0.002 |
| Propranolol | 6293 (28.3) | 6330 (28.5) | 0.004 |
| Carvedilol | 789 (3.55) | 782 (3.52) | 0.002 |
| Bisoprolol | 1355 (6.09) | 1348 (6.06) | 0.001 |
§ A standardized mean difference of ≤0.10 indicates a negligible difference between the two cohorts. † The urbanization level was categorized by the population density of the residential area into 4 levels, with level 1 as the most urbanized and level 4 as the least. & Other occupation categories included those who were primarily retired, unemployed, and low-income populations.