Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of 3602 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with planned extubation.
| Variable | Successful Extubation | Failed Extubation | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 3417 (94.9%) | n = 185 (5.1%) | ||
| Age (years) | 63.9 ± 16.5 | 68.1 ± 14.6 | <0.001 |
| Male | 1729 (50.6%) | 106 (57.3%) | 0.426 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 4.5 | 23.2 ± 4.5 | 0.144 |
| APACHE II | 16.2 ± 7.4 | 18.9 ± 7.0 | <0.001 |
| TISS Scale | 27.1 ± 7.8 | 29.3 ± 7.5 | <0.001 |
| Glasgow coma scale | 12.1 ± 3.5 | 11.1 ± 3.8 | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Cardiovascular accident | 635 (18.6%) | 45 (24.3%) | 0.052 |
| Chronic lung disease | 264 (7.7%) | 21 (11.4%) | 0.075 |
| Chronic hemodialysis | 314 (9.2%) | 105 (56.8%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 76 (2.2%) | 3 (1.6%) | 0.586 |
| Diabetes | 999 (29.2%) | 71 (38.4%) | 0.008 |
| Old stroke | 866 (25.3%) | 56 (30.3%) | 0.135 |
| Active cancer | 755 (22.1%) | 28 (15.1%) | 0.025 |
| Pre-extubation data | |||
| FiO2 | 27.4 ± 3.5 | 28.0 ± 3.7 | 0.029 |
| Pressure support level | 9.2 ± 1.5 | 9.2 ± 1.6 | 0.840 |
| PEEP | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 0.028 |
| Minute ventilation | 7.8 ± 2.6 | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 0.075 |
| Pulse rate | 86.6 ± 16.2 | 87.9 ± 17.3 | 0.236 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 96.5 ± 16.2 | 94.7 ± 18.1 | 0.184 |
| Respiratory rate | 16.7 ± 5.1 | 18.0 ± 5.3 | 0.001 |
| pH | 7.441 ± 0.054 | 7.446 ± 0.051 | 0.279 |
| PaCO2 | 37.6 ± 6.2 | 38.5 ± 6.0 | 0.057 |
| PaO2 | 105.9 ± 41.6 | 94.9 ± 27.4 | <0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 361.0 ± 101.0 | 329.3 ± 94.1 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin | 11.3 ± 1.9 | 10.7 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 34.2 ± 6.7 | 32.4 ± 6.7 | 0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen | 25.1 ± 21.3 | 32.9 ± 31.8 | 0.002 |
| Creatinine | 1.7 ± 2.1 | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 0.200 |
| Sodium | 139.1 ± 4.6 | 138.8 ± 5.1 | 0.370 |
| Potassium | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 0.398 |
| Calcium | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 0.598 |
| Phosphate | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 0.812 |
| Albumin | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 0.074 |
| Weaning parameters | |||
| RSI | 52.8 ± 29.9 | 62.8 ± 33.2 | <0.001 |
| MIP | 37.9 ± 14.1 | 34.9 ± 13.0 | 0.008 |
| MEP | 61.0 ± 29.4 | 52.6 ± 26.7 | <0.001 |
| Ventilator use duration (h) | 106.0 ± 126.9 | 140.8 ± 145.8 | 0.002 |
χ2 test, and t-test comparing survivors and non-survivors overall; Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%); APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BMI = body mass index; TISS = Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System; ICU = intensive care unit; RSI = Rapid Sallow-breathing Index; MIP = Maximum negative Inspiratory Pressure; MEP = Maximum Expiratory Pressure.