Table 2.

Characteristics of included studies

	Author	Year	Country	Study Type	Sample characteristics				Reported outcomes
					Sample size	Male	Female	Average age	Healthy eating	Being active	Monitoring	Medication	Risk Reduction	Psychosocial
Observational studies	Awah [57]	2008	Cameroon	cross-sectional	20	11	9	62.5				x
	Awah [15]	2009	Cameroon	cross-sectional	65	30	35	–
	Kassahun [43]	2016	Ethiopia	cross-sectional	309	189	120	50			x	x
	Sorato [31]	2016	Ethiopia	cross-sectional	194	95	99	50.3	x	x	x	x
	Wabe [42]	2011	Ethiopia	cross-sectional	384	186	161	48.3			x	x	x
	Bruce [50]	2015	Ghana	cross-sectional	200	95	105	–				x	x
	de-Graft Aikins [23]	2014	Ghana	cross-sectional	20	2	18	60	x		x	x	x
	Doherty [27]	2014	Ghana	cross-sectional	30	10	20	48.7	x
	Mogre [30]	2016	Ghana	cross-sectional	222	74	148	48.4	x	x
	Obirikorang [54]	2016	Ghana	cross-sectional	630	243	387	55.2					x
	Obirikorang [26]	2016	Ghana	cross-sectional	543	232	311	51.1	x	x			x
	Matheka [44]	2013	Kenya	cross-sectional	187	–	–	–			x
	Adibe [38]	2011	Nigeria	cross-sectional	314	136	178	43		x			x
	Adisa [24]	2009	Nigeria	cross-sectional	121	60	61	–	x	x	x	x
	Adisa [29]	2011	Nigeria	cross-sectional	114	51	63	61.3	x	x	x	x
	Awotibede [37]	2016	Nigeria	cross-sectional	299	105	194	51.9		x
	Ezuruike [48]	2016	Nigeria	cross-sectional	112	43	69	46				x
	Iwuala [47]	2015	Nigeria	cross-sectional	100	38	62	59.9			x
	Jackson [51]	2015	Nigeria	cross-sectional	303	171	132	54.5				x
	Ogbera [40]	2011	Nigeria	cross-sectional	150	50	100	69.9		x	x	x		x
	Onakpoya [49]	2010	Nigeria	cross-sectional	83	32	51	57.5				x	x
	Oyetunde [52]	2014	Nigeria	cross-sectional	102	35	67	59.6				x
	Yusuff [46]	2008	Nigeria	cross-sectional	200	110	90	–				x	x
	Jackson [36]	2014	Nigeria	cross-sectional	303	132	171	50		x	x	x	x
	Adeniyi [22]	2015	South Africa	cross-sectional	17	6	11	58.5	x	x		x	x	x
	Haque [53]	2005	South Africa	cross-sectional	–	–	–	–				x
	Matwa [55]	2003	South Africa	cross-sectional	15	5	10	61.4					x
	Mendenhall [56]	2015	South Africa	cross-sectional	27	–	27	59				x
	Nthangeni [33]	2001	South Africa	cross-sectional	288	133	155	62	x			x
	Okonta [39]	2014	South Africa	cross-sectional	217	–	–	51	x	x
	Steyl [35]	2014	South Africa	cross-sectional	26	11	15	58.9	x	x		x
	Abdelgadir [45]	2006	Sudan	cross-sectional	193	95	98	50			x
	Kamuhabwa [32]	2014	Tanzania	cross-sectional	469	171	298	54.9	x	x	x	x
	Hijelm [34]	2008	Uganda	cross-sectional	25	10	15	–	x	x		x	x
	Mayega [28]	2014	Uganda	cross-sectional	96	48	48	47.5	x	x
	Nielsen [41]	2016	Uganda	cross-sectional	10	6	4	65.6	x	x	x
	Hijelm [25]	2010	Zimbabwe	cross-sectional	21	10	11	48	x	x	x		x
Experimental studies	Awodele [21]	2015	Nigeria	pre-post, quasi-experimental	152	47	105	65				x
	Baumann [18]	2015	Uganda	pre-post, quasi-experimental	25	7	18	53	x	x		x
	Mash [20]	2014	South Africa	RCTs	1570	411	1158	56.4	x	x		x	x
	Muchiri [16]	2015	South Africa	RCTs	41	5	36	59.4	x
	Muchiri [17]	2015							x
	van der Does [19]	2013	South Africa	RCTs	84	68	16	51.6	x	x		x	x	x