Table 3.
Energy and nutrient intake by diet group and their relationship to REAP-S and HEI-2010a
| Measure | All (81) |
Omnivores (27) |
Vegetarian (26) |
Vegan (28) |
P | Coefficient, r | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REAP-S | HEI-2010 | ||||||
| Energy, kcal | 2073 ± 647 | 2108 ± 727 | 2042 ± 558 | 2069 ± 665 | 0.991 | −0.153 | −0.434* |
| Protein, g | 77.9 ± 37.1 | 96.8 ± 47.5a | 68.4 ± 23.9b | 68.6 ± 29.0b | 0.015 | −0.195 | 0.087 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 287.7 ± 109.3 | 239.1 ± 97.5a | 286.6 ± 87.1ab | 335.6 ± 120.2b | 0.007 | 0.139 | −0.081 |
| Sugar, g | 92.6 ± 48.1 | 81.7 ± 42.9 | 90.0 ± 37.9 | 105.4 ± 58.7 | 0.221 | −0.101 | 0.045 |
| Fat, g | 71.0 ± 36.5 | 86.3 ± 42.8a | 70.8 ± 29.2ab | 56.4 ± 30.6b | 0.016 | −0.411* | 0.001 |
| Saturated fat, g | 19.8 ± 14.8 | 30.0 ± 16.7a | 18.4 ± 10.1b | 11.2 ± 10.3c | < 0.001 | −0.567* | − 0.211 |
| Fiber, g | 36.4 ± 19.8 | 24.8 ± 11.8a | 34.6 ± 14.6b | 49.4 ± 22.7c | < 0.001 | 0.437* | 0.441* |
| Cholesterol, mg | 138.4 ± 215.3 | 330.8 ± 263.6a | 87.7 ± 109.2b | 0 ± 0c | < 0.001 | − 0.631* | − 0.190 |
| Vitamin C, mg | 172.6 ± 151.8 | 149.2 ± 134.0a | 140.4 ± 128.2a | 225.2 ± 177.0b | 0.049 | 0.237* | 0.275* |
| Folate, DFE | 412.2 ± 390.9 | 290.2 ± 281.0a | 415.8 ± 420.7ab | 522.1 ± 428.0b | 0.052 | 0.381* | 0.129 |
| Vitamin B12, μg | 3.5 ± 5.8 | 4.9 ± 8.0a | 2.3 ± 3.4b | 3.3 ± 5.1b | 0.051 | −0.119 | −0.125 |
| Vitamin A, RAE | 752.4 ± 875.6 | 518.9 ± 486.6 | 709.0 ± 788.1 | 1017.8 ± 1157.1 | 0.337 | 0.379* | 0.422* |
| Vitamin E, mg | 11.6 ± 14.5 | 8.3 ± 11.9a | 8.8 ± 7.8a | 17.3 ± 19.4b | 0.008 | 0.241* | 0.058 |
| Vitamin D, μg | 1.7 ± 2.6 | 2.2 ± 2.9 | 1.3 ± 2.5 | 1.7 ± 2.3 | 0.089 | 0.023 | 0.115 |
| Iron, mg | 19.1 ± 11.4 | 15.0 ± 7.8a | 18.5 ± 9.5ab | 23.6 ± 14.2b | 0.023 | 0.241* | 0.170 |
| Zinc, mg | 7.6 ± 6.4 | 8.7 ± 8.2 | 5.6 ± 3.8 | 8.5 ± 6.1 | 0.217 | 0.163 | 0.181 |
| Calcium, mg | 824.8 ± 449.7 | 938.6 ± 516.0 | 746.3 ± 421.7 | 787.9 ± 397.3 | 0.204 | 0.030 | 0.029 |
| Sodium, mg | 3040.9 ± 1589.8 | 3742.7 ± 1877.3 | 2870.7 ± 1389.3 | 2522.2 ± 1228.1 | 0.058 | −0.063 | −0.158 |
| Potassium, mg | 2361.9 ± 1517.2 | 2047.6 ± 1152.7 | 2135.0 ± 1219.7 | 2875.5 ± 1934.4 | 0.238 | 0.292* | 0.395* |
aDifferences between means assessed by Kruskal Wallis Test; means with different superscripts differ significantly (Mann-Whitney U test; p < 0.05). r is for Spearman correlation. Significant correlations are asterisked (p < 0.05). HEI-2010 analyses were adjusted for energy intake, body weight, and gender