Table 4.

Results of logistic regression analysis between patient characteristics and poor sleep quality

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)
Age (years)
<45		1		1
45–55	0.058	1.866 (0.980–3.554)	0.950	1.027 (0.441–2.392)
>55	0.003	2.447 (1.349–4.441)	0.761	0.865 (0.339–2.204)
Sex
Male		1		1
Female	<0.001	2.504 (1.575–3.981)	<0.001	3.696 (1.651–8.276)
Education level
Educated		1		1
Illiterate	<0.001	4.618 (2.631–8.107)	0.005	2.802 (1.357–5.785)
Employment status
Employed		1		1
Unemployed	0.044	1.621 (1.014–2.591)	0.524	0.792 (0.388–1.620)
Smoking status
No		1		1
Yes	0.006	2.304 (1.276–4.160)	0.009	3.104 (1.333–7.229)
Khat status
No		1		1
Yes	<0.001	2.975 (1.550–5.710)	0.006	3.560 (1.437–8.815)
Physical activity
Active		1		1
Inactive	0.004	1.989 (1.246–3.177)	0.170	1.555 (0.827–2.921)
DM duration
≤10 year		1		1
>10 year	<0.001	2.435 (1.524–3.889)	0.999	1.001 (0.484–2.070)
DM complication
Absent		1		1
Present	<0.001	4.079 (2.522–6.597)	0.012	2.499 (1.226–5.092)
Comorbidity
Absent		1		1
Present	<0.001	2.912 (1.821–4.657)	0.002	2.784 (1.472–5.266)
Treatment type
Pills		1		1
Insulin	0.037	1.725 (1.034–2.876)	0.712	1.148 (0.551–2.392)
HbA1c
Controlled		1		1
Uncontrolled	<0.001	2.990 (1.866–4.792)	0.200	1.544 (0.795–3.001)
BMI
Normal		1		1
Abnormal	<0.001	2.832 (1.712–4.683)	0.006	2.583 (1.319–5.060)
Depression
Normal		1		1
depressed	<0.001	3.335 (1.850–6.011)	0.995	1.003 (0.385–2.615)
Anxiety
Normal		1		1
Anxious	<0.001	3.956 (2.434–6.430)	0.006	2.783 (1.342–5.773)
Stress
Normal		1		1
Stressed	<0.001	2.845 (1.648–4.913)	0.337	1.503 (0.654–3.454)

Note: The categories of the predictive variables that received odds ratios of 1.00 are reference categories.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus.