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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2018 Apr 17;19(10):1104–1112. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.04.004

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Co-administration of pain medications, non-pain antidepressants, and hypnotics in US Adults with cLBP, % (SE%).

cLBP – chronic low back pain. SE – standard error. NSAIDs – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. APAP – acetaminophen. M. relax muscle relaxants. GABA – gabapentinoids. Benzo benzodiazepines. SSRIs – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Other antidepr. – other non-pain antidepressants. The Heat Map shows the most frequently co-administered medications in red, and the least frequently co-administered medications in green. All estimates are weighted to represent percent of the national population 20–69 years of age. Note that some subjects used more than two classes of medications at the same time.