Figure 5.

The inhibitory effect of Opuntia humifusa fruit water extract (OHE) on solar ultraviolet (sUV)-induced MMP-1, type 1 collagen, and TIMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). HDFs were treated with OHE for 1 h, followed by radiation with sUV and incubation for 48 h. (a) MMP-1 expression levels, (b) Type 1 collagen and TIMP-1 expression levels were measured by western blot. (c) MMP-1 secretion levels, (d) Procollagen 1 secretion levels in the culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001 vs. control group (Student’s t-test), * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. UV-radiated groups (Dunnett’s test).