Figure 6.

The inhibitory effect of the Opuntia humifusa fruit water extract (OHE) on solar ultraviolet (sUV)-induced phosphorylation of Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). HDFs were treated with OHE for 1 h following treatment with sUV radiation. (a,b) Phosphorylation and expression were detected by western blot assay, and (c) relative expression levels were calculated using the Image J software version 1.8.0_66 (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001 vs. control group (Student’s t-test), * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. UV-radiated groups (Dunnett’s test).