Table 1.
Phytoconstituents of Aloe species detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and reversed-phase HPLC.
| Aloe Species | Phytochemicals | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Leaves | ||
| A. africana | Aloesin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. arborescens 1 | Aloenin, a phenyl pyrone, aloesin, aloeresin, aloin B, aloin A | [34] |
| Aloe emodin-diglucoside, lucenion II, 6′-O-caffeoyl-5-hydroxyaloin A, vicenin II, trans-p-coumaric derivatives, 3-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4-O-feruloylquinic acid, luteolin-O-xylosylglucoside malonylated, aloeresin C isomer, isorhamnetin-3-O-deoxyhexosyl(1-6) hexoside, 7-O-methyl kaempferol dimmer, caffeoyl quinic acid hexoside, kaempferol-3-O-hexosyl-O-pentoside, orientin, 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-coumaroylquinic acid, 4-succinyl-3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 6′-malonylnataloin, cholestenol, isoquercetrin, aloinoside A/B, 3,4-di-O-(E)-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 2′-O-feruloylaloesin, 7-O-methylaloesin-penta acetate, malonyl-4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, nataloin, veracylglucan A, aloenin B, wighteone-O-diglucoside malonylate, aloin A, caffeoylester of aloesin, aloeresin E, barbaloin (10R)/isobarbaloin (10S), quercetin-7-O-hexoside-3-O-malonylhexoside, aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-8-O-(6′-O-galloyl-) glucoside, aloeresin H, and pentahydroxyflavonol-O-hexosyl rhamnoside | [35] | |
| A. archeri | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. babatiensis | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. barbadensis | 8-C-b-d-[2-O-(E)-coumaroyl]glucopyranosyl[2-[2-hydroxy]propyl-7-methoxy-5-methylchromone, aloeresin D, C-glucosyl chromone, and alcohol | [37] |
| A. boscawenii | Aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. brachystachys 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. brandhamii 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. brevifolia | cis-p-Coumaric acid derivatives, 5-O-caffeolyquinic acid, vicenin II, luteolin-O-xylosylglucoside malonylated, aloeresin C isomer, epi-catechin digalloyl rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-deoxyhexosyl(1-6) hexoside, caffeoyl quinic acid hexoside, 4-succinyl-3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, nataloin, cholestenol, 2’-O-feruloylaloesin, isoaloeresin D, and aloeresin | [35] |
| A. brunneostriata | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. buchlohii | Aloin A, aloin B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. bussei 1 | aloesin, aloenin, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. calidophila | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. cameronii | Aloesin, aloeresin A, aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. camperi | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. canarina | Aloesin, aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. chabaudii | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. cheranganiensis 1 | Aloesin, 7-O-methylaloesin, aloenin, aloeresin A, aloeresin D, aloin B, aloin A | [34] |
| A. chrysostachys | 7-O-Methylaloesin, aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. classenii 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloeresin D, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. dawei 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloeresin D, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. deserti | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. diolii | Aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. dorotheae 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. elegans | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. eru | Vicenin II, 3-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4-O-feruloylquinic acid, iso pentyldihexose, apigenin-7-O-glycuronyl, aloenin, nataloin, cholestenol, isoquercetrin, aloinoside A/B, epi (afzelechin)—(epi) gallocatechin, 2′-O-feruloylaloesin, 7-methylether of 2′-feruloylaloesin, glucuronides, isoaloeresin D, aloeresin, kaempferol di deoxyhexosylhexoside, aloenin B, caffeoylester of aloesin, aloeresin E, apigenin-7-O-glycuronyl, aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside, and 2′-p-methoxycoumaroylaloresin | [35] |
| A. ferox | cis-p-Coumaric acid derivatives, aloe emodin-diglucoside, lucenin II, vicenin II, orientin, 6’-malonylnataloin, kaempferol di deoxyhexosylhexoside, aloeresin E, quercetin pentosyl rutinoside, aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside, and chrysophanol-8-O-(6′-O-galloyl-) glucoside | [35] |
| Aloin (A and B), aloinoside (A and B) and microdontin (A and B), aloesin, and aloeresin A | [33] | |
| A. fibrosa | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. fleurentiniorum | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. flexilifolia | Aloesin, 7-O-methylaloesin, aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. francombei | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. gilberti | Aloesin, 7-O-methylaloesin, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. gossweileri 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. grandidentata | Aloesin, aloe emodin-diglucoside, caffeoyl ferulic acid derivatives, chrysoeriol-7-O-glycuronyl, lucenin II, 6′-O-caffeoyl-5-hydroxyaloin A, vicenin II, 3-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4-O-feruloylquinic acid, luteolin-O-xylosylglucoside malonylated, isorhamnetin-3-O-deoxyhexosyl(1-6) hexoside, kaempferol-3-O-hexosyl-O-pentoside, orientin, isoorientin, 5-hydroxyaloin A, nataloin, cholestenol, aloinoside A/B, 3,4-di-O-(E)-p-coumaroylquinic acid, epi(afzelechin)-(epi)gallocatechin, 2′-O-feruloylaloesin, 7-methylether of 2′-feruloylaloesin, isoaloeresin D, aloeresin, nataloin, aloenin B, aloin A, aloin B, hydroxy octadecenic acid, trihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, aloeresin E, acetyl dicaffeoylquinic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-malonylhexoside | [35] |
| A. guillaumetii | 7-O-Methylaloesin, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. harlana | Aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. hemmingii | Aloesin, 8-O-methyl-7-hydro-xyaloin, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. kedongensis 1 | Aloesin, 7-O-methylaloesin, aloenin, nataloin B, and nataloin A | [34] |
| A. labworana | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. leachii 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloeresin D, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. lensayuensis | Aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. leptosiphon 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. mcloughlinii | Aloesin, dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. megalacantha | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. microdonta | Aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. monticola 1 | Aloesin, aloenin, aloeresin D, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. morijensis | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. multicolor | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. murina | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. ngongensis | Aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. nyeriensis 1 | Nataloe-emodin, nataloe-emodin-2-O-Glc, nataloin, aloenin, aloenin aglycone, and aloenin-2″-p-coumaroyl ester | [38] |
| A. otallensis | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. palmiformis | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. parvidens | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. peckii | Aloesin, dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. peglerae | Aloesin, aloeresin E, aloeresin F, homonataloin A, and homonataloin B | [39] |
| A. penduliflora | 7-O-Methylaloesin, dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. perfoliata | Aloesin, 1-hexanol-pentosylhexoside, 3-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4-O-feruloylquinic acid, luteolin-O-xylosylglucoside malonylated, aloeresin C isomer, epi-catechin digalloyl rhamnoside, 7-O-methyl kaempferol dimmer, orientin, 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-coumaroylquinic acid, 4-succinyl-3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 5-hydroxyaloin A, aloinoside A/B, epi (afzelechin)—(epi)gallocatechin, 7-O-Mmethylaloesin-penta acetate, glucuronides, isoaloeresin D, isovitexin, 6′-O-coumaroyl aloesin, aloeresin A isomer, caffeoylester of aloesin, aloeresin E, acetyl dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-7-O-hexoside-3-O-malonylhexoside, aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside, 2′-p-methoxycoumaroylaloresin, aloeresin H, pentahydroxyflavonol-O-hexosyl rhamnoside, and kaempferol-3-O-malonylhexoside | [35] |
| A. plicatilis | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. pustuligemma | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. rabaiensis | Aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. rivae | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. rugosifolia | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. saponaria | cis-p-Coumaric acid derivatives, 3,4-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid, malonyl-3,4-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid, lucenin II, luteolin-O-xylosylglucoside malonylated, isorhamnetin-3-O-deoxyhexosyl(1-6) hexoside, 4-succinyl-3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 2′-O-feruloylaloesin, 7-O-methylaloesin-penta acetate, 7-methylether of 2′-feruloylaloesin, trihydroxy octadecenoic acid, quercetin-7-O-hexoside-3-O-malonylhexoside, aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside, 2′-p-methoxycoumaroyl-aloresin, aloeresin H, and tetra-O-methyl ether | [35] |
| A. scabrifolia | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. schelpei | 8-O-Methyl-7-hydroxyaloin, aloin A, aloin B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. schweinfurthii | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. scobinifolia | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. secundiflora | Aloenin, aloenin B, isobarbaloin (aloin B), barbaloin (aloin A), aloinside A, aloinside B, aloesin derivative, and an unidentified mixture of dimers | [40] |
| A. secundi flora 1 | Aloenin, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. sinkatana | 8-O-Methyl-7-hydroxyaloin, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. somaliensis | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. steudneri | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, 8-O-methyl-7-hydroxyaloin, aloin A, aloin B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. tewoldei | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, microdontin A, and microdontin B | [33] |
| A. tormentorii | Phenols, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, terpenes, coumarins and flavonoids | [41] |
| A. tororoana 1 | 7-O-Methylaloesin, aloenin, aloin B, and aloin A | [34] |
| A. tugenensis | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. tweediae | Dihydroisocoumaringlucoside, aloeresin D, aloin A, aloin B, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B | [33] |
| A. ukambensis | Plicataloside | [36] |
| A. vera | cis-p-Coumaric acid derivatives, malonyl-3,4-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid, lucenin II, 6′-O-caffeoyl-5-hydroxyaloin A, vicenin II, trans-p-coumaric derivatives, luteolin-O-xylosylglucoside malonylated, aloeresin C isomer, isorhamnetin-3-O-deoxyhexosyl(1-6) hexoside, 7-O-methyl kaempferol dimmer, caffeoyl quinic acid hexoside, orientin, isoorientin, 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-coumaroylquinic acid, 6’-malonylnataloin, aloinoside A/B, 7-O-methylaloesin-penta acetate, malonyl-4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, nataloin, aloenin B, wighteone-O-diglucoside malonylate, aloin A, aloin B, aloeresin E, barbaloin (10R)/isobarbaloin (10S), quercetin-7-O-hexoside-3-O-malonylhexosidea, and aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside | [35] |
| A. wredfordii | Plicataloside | [36] |
1 Reversed-phase HPLC.