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. 2018 Aug 29;18(9):2853. doi: 10.3390/s18092853

Figure 1.

Figure 1

LoRa physical layer. Signals used to convey information: (a) up-chirp and (b) down-chirp; (c) transmitted signal composed of two up-chirps and two down-chirps; (d) LoRa packet spectrogram captured by real-time spectrum analyzer.