Effect of caulerpin treatment on the production of cytokines in colon culture supernatants in DSS-induced colitis. (A) TNF-α; (B) IFN-γ; (C) IL-17A; (D) IL-6; (E) IL-10. At the end of induction of experimental colitis, the tissue was washed, deposited in a 24-well plate containing culture medium, and incubated for 24 h, and the supernatants were collected and frozen for TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 levels measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. These data are representative of three independent experiments. Each point represents the mean ± SD from the tested animals. The data are representative of three independent experiments, with five animals per group in each experiment (N = 5). ### p < 0.001 and ## p < 0.01, vehicle versus vehicle + 3% DSS. *** p < 0.001 and * p < 0.05, vehicle + 3% DSS versus treatment groups (DSS + CLP and DSS + DEXA).