. 2018 Sep 11;15(9):1977. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15091977

Table 3.

Comparisons of changes in outcome variables between the experimental and control groups (N = 52).

Variables	Group	Pre-Test	Post-Test	Difference	t or Z	p	ES d/r
Variables	Group	M ± SD			t or Z	p	ES d/r
Perceived health status	Exp.	4.04 ± 0.95	4.21 ± 0.83	0.17 ± 0.96	0.76	0.449 ^‡	0.15
Perceived health status	Cont.	3.48 ± 1.12	3.86 ± 0.97	0.18 ± 1.22	0.62	0.538 ^‡	0.12
Self-esteem	Exp.	31.42 ± 5.48	33.21 ± 4.35	1.79 ± 3.79	2.32	0.030 ^†	0.47
Self-esteem	Cont.	31.86 ± 5.06	30.43 ± 5.03	−1.43 ± 4.73	−1.12	0.265 ^‡	−0.21
Depression	Exp.	12.26 ± 7.99	9.67 ± 6.44	−2.74 ± 5.55	−2.32	0.020 ^‡	−0.48
Depression	Cont.	9.39 ± 7.27	8.57 ± 6.86	−0.82 ± 4.44	−0.63	0.531 ^‡	−0.12
Peer relationships	Exp.	79.27 ± 12.34	78.96 ± 11.11	−0.43 ± 12.34	−0.16	0.875 ^†	−0.03
Peer relationships	Cont.	78.54 ± 13.77	80.36 ± 13.40	1.82 ± 9.10	1.19	0.236 ^‡	0.22
Attention deficit and hyperactivity	Exp.	15.09 ± 9.26	15.58 ± 11.99	0.22 ± 7.50	0.14	0.891 ^†	0.03
Attention deficit and hyperactivity	Cont.	14.85 ± 11.57	14.14 ± 9.77	−0.48 ± 9.85	−0.25	0.802 ^†	−0.05
LF/HF ratio	Exp.	1.02 ± 0.58	1.05 ± 0.61	0.03 ± 0.71	0.19	0.849 ^†	0.04
LF/HF ratio	Cont.	1.67 ± 1.38	1.45 ± 0.95	−0.22 ± 0.98	−1.20	0.241 ^†	−0.23

Exp.: experimental group; Cont.: control group; LF: low frequency; HF: high frequency; M: mean; SD: standard deviation; ES: effect size; ^† paired t-test; ^‡ Wilcoxon signed rank test.