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. 2018 Aug 23;19(9):2490. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092490

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Activation of activin A signaling stimulates RANKL-induced osteoclast development and function in CKD. The nuclear translocation of c-Fos and the DNA binding of activated-c-Fos to the NFATc1 promoter is induced by RANKL alone without Smad2 for osteoclast formation and function. In contrast, the combination of RANKL and activin A treatment induces a complex composed of activated-c-Fos and activated-Smad2 and stimulates the nuclear translocation of the complex so that the DNA binding of activated-c-Fos to the NFATc1 promoter is strongly boosted by acetylated-Smad2 caused by CBP.