| UPM | Urban particulate matter |
| TRPV1 | transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 |
| PDTC | Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate |
| AP-1 | activator protein-1 |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| IL-8 | interleukin-8 |
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