Increasing the number of PEM bilayers: (a) percent LIVE® stained area of MC3T3-E1s cultured on AntiA-bCaP-PEM30-FGF2 as compared to cells cultured on AntiA-bCaP-PEM102-FGF2 (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001); (b) fluorescent LIVE® stained images at one, three, and five days of culture on AntiA-bCaP-PEM30-FGF2 as compared to cells on AntiA-bCaP-PEM102-FGF2; (c) percent LIVE® stained area of MC3T3-E1s cultured on control bCaP-PEM30-FGF2 as compared to cells on bCaP-PEM102-FGF2 (*** p < 0.01); and (d) fluorescent LIVE® stained images at one, three, and five days of culture on bCaP-PEM30-FGF2, as compared to cells cultured on bCaP-PEM102-FGF2. Scale bar = 100 μm.