Table 3.
The results of multiple linear regression analysis for the association between sleep duration and differences in biological age (BA) with chronological age (CA).
| Variables | Differences | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | p-Value | |
| Sleep duration | |||
| <6 | −0.376 | 0.239 | 0.1158 |
| 6~8 | Ref | - | - |
| >8 | 1.308 | 0.343 | 0.0001 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | −3.521 | 0.234 | <0.0001 |
| Female | Ref | - | - |
| Age (years) | |||
| ~30 | 4.039 | 0.453 | <0.0001 |
| 30~39 | 4.989 | 0.324 | <0.0001 |
| 40~49 | 5.462 | 0.312 | <0.0001 |
| 50~59 | 4.522 | 0.272 | <0.0001 |
| 60+ | Ref | - | - |
| Educational level | |||
| Under high school graduation | 0.440 | 0.384 | 0.2528 |
| Bachelor’s degree | −0.393 | 0.370 | 0.2881 |
| Master’s degree or above | Ref | - | - |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | Ref | - | - |
| Marriage problems | −0.137 | 0.349 | 0.6958 |
| Single | −0.383 | 0.373 | 0.3054 |
| Economic activity | |||
| Unemployed | Ref | - | - |
| Employed | −0.319 | 0.179 | 0.0745 |
| Household income | |||
| Low | 0.363 | 0.319 | 0.2555 |
| Mid-low | 0.528 | 0.257 | 0.0401 |
| Mid-high | 0.421 | 0.223 | 0.0600 |
| High | Ref | - | - |
| BMI | |||
| <23 | Ref | - | - |
| 23–25 | 7.794 | 0.215 | <0.0001 |
| >25 | 16.539 | 0.217 | <0.0001 |
| Aerobic exercise habits | |||
| Yes | −1.363 | 0.194 | <0.0001 |
| No | Ref | - | - |
| Smoking status | |||
| Smoker | Ref | - | - |
| Ex-smoker | −1.620 | 0.276 | <0.0001 |
| Non-smoker | −2.122 | 0.280 | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol intake | |||
| Less than twice a week | Ref | - | - |
| More than twice a week | 3.257 | 0.403 | <0.0001 |
| Stress awareness | |||
| Low | Ref | - | - |
| High | 0.738 | 0.213 | 0.0006 |
| Hypertension | |||
| Diagnosed | 2.470 | 0.274 | <0.0001 |
| None | Ref | - | - |
| Dyslipidemia | |||
| Diagnosed | 1.464 | 0.330 | <0.0001 |
| None | Ref | - | - |
| Diabetes Mellitus | |||
| Diagnosed | 12.879 | 0.476 | <0.0001 |
| None | Ref | - | - |
| Survey year | |||
| 2010 | −0.077 | 0.321 | 0.8091 |
| 2011 | −1.208 | 0.314 | 00.0001 |
| 2012 | −0.962 | 0.347 | 0.0057 |
| 2013 | −1.281 | 0.318 | <0.0001 |
| 2014 | −0.438 | 0.306 | 0.1527 |
| 2015 | Ref | - | - |