Table 1.
Magnesium clinical trial studies by year with method of determining magnesium status indicated. Expanded from Zhang et al. [130].
| Study | Blood | Urine | Intracellular | Fecal | Tissue | Challenge Studies | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Plasma | 24 h | NS | RBC | WBC | SL | Other | Muscle | Other | Balance | Retention | ||
| 1. Zemel, 1990, USA [131] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 2. Facchinetti, 1991, Italy [132] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 3. Desbiens, 1992, USA [133] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 4. Ferrara, 1992, Italy [134] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 5. Bashir, 1993, USA [135] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 6. Plum-Wirell, 1994, Sweden [136] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 7. Witteman, 1994, Netherlands [137] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 8. Eibl, 1995, Austria [138] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 9. Eriksson, 1995, Finland [139] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 10. Itoh, 1996, Japan [140] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 11. Sanjuliani, 1996, Brazil [141] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 12. Costello, 1997, USA [142] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 13. Sacks, 1997, USA [143] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 14. de Valk, 1998, Netherlands [144] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 15. Lima, 1998, Brazil [145] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 16. Walker, 1998, UK [146] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 17. Weller, 1998, Germany [147] | χ | χ | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||
| 18. Hagg, 1999, Sweden [148] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 19. Wary, 1999, French [149] | χ | χ | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||
| 20. Zorbas, 1999, Greece [150] | χ | χ | χ | χ | |||||||||
| 21. Schechter, 2000, USA [151] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 22. Walker, 2002, UK [152] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 23. Mooren, 2003, Germany [153] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 24. Rodriguez-Moran, 2003, Mexico [154] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 25. Walker, 2003, UK [155] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 26. Závaczki, 2003, Hungary [156] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 27. De Leeuw, 2004, Belgium [157] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 28. Pokan, 2006, USA [158] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 29. Rodríguez, 2008, Mexico [159] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 30. Almoznino-Sarafian, 2009, Israel [160] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 31. Lee, 2009, South Korea [161] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 32. Romero, 2009, Mexico [162] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 33. Aydın, 2010, Turkey [163] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 34. Kazaks, 2010, USA [164] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 35. Nielsen, 2010, USA [165] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 36. Zorbas, 2010, Greece [166] | χ | χ | χ | χ | |||||||||
| 37. Chacko, 2011, USA [167] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 38. Romero, 2011, Mexico [168] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 39. Esfanjani, 2012, Iran [169] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 40. Laecke, 2014, Belgium [170] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 41. Cosaro, 2014, Italy [171] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 42. Rodriguez, 2014, Mexico [172] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 43. Setaro, 2014, Brazil [173] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 44. Navarrete-Cortes, 2014, Mexico [174] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 45. Guerrero-Romero, 2015, Mexico [175] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 46. Park, 2015, USA [176] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 47. Baker, 2015, USA [177] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 48. Joris, 2016, Netherlands [178] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 49. Terink, 2016, Netherlands [179] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 50. Moradian, 2017, Iran [180] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 51. Rajizadeh, 2017, Iran [181] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 52. Cunha, 2017, Brazil [182] | χ | ||||||||||||
| 53. Bressendorff, 2017, Denmark/Norway [183] | χ | χ | |||||||||||
| 54. Bressendorff, 2017, Denmark [184] | χ | χ | χ | ||||||||||
| 55. Toprak, 2017, Turkey [185] | χ | ||||||||||||
| Total | 35 | 11 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
RBC: red blood cells; WBC: white blood cells; SL: sublingual cells; NS: not specified or not 24 h collection.