Table 2.
Association between household characteristics and elevated CO levels (n = 1928) 1.
| Univariable | Multivariable | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) 2 | OR (95% CI) | |
| Presence of cough in 3 months prior | 0.78 (0.63–0.97) | 0.77 (0.62–0.96) |
| Diagnosis of pneumonia in 12 months prior | 0.83 (0.63–1.10) | |
| Presence of wheeze in 3 months prior | 1.17 (0.89–1.53) | |
| Occurrence of burn in 3 months prior | 1.63 (1.02–2.60) | 1.58 (1.00–2.50) |
| Wood | 0.17 (0.14–0.21) | 0.67 (0.36–1.24) |
| Charcoal | 0.73 (0.53–1.02) | |
| Crop | 0.55 (0.42–0.73) | 0.98 (0.75–1.27) |
| Dung | 0.25 (0.05–1.30) | |
| Other | 2.51 (0.20–31.14) | |
| Smoker in the home | 1.15 (0.86–1.55) | |
| Male gender | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | |
| Making bricks | 0.70 (0.42–1.17) | |
| Making beer | 1.20 (0.46–3.11) | |
| Rubbish burning | 0.45 (0.31–0.67) | 0.93 (0.70–1.23) |
| Use of kerosene lamp | 0.73 (0.36–1.47) | |
| Use of mosquito coil | 0.87 (0.38–2.02) | |
| Cooking as a business | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) | |
| Period without food in the prior year | 1.91 (1.44–2.54) | 1.50 (1.14–1.95) |
| Period without money to buy soap in the prior year | 1.57 (1.20–2.06) | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) |
| Chikhwawa vs. Chilumba | 7.11 (4.11–12.28) | 3.55 (1.73–7.26) |
| Cooking inside in the dry season | 2.13 (1.36–3.36) | 1.56 (0.93–2.62) |
| Cooking inside in the rainy season | 1.38 (1.07–1.78) | 1.04 (0.78–1.38) |
1 Elevated OR defined as greater than the median mean CO of 0.5 ppm. 2 Statistically significant associations in bold.