. 2018 Aug 21;10(9):1131. doi: 10.3390/nu10091131

Table 3.

Coefficient estimates from the multiple regression models of the association between sleep duration on weekdays and healthy dietary pattern as the outcome.

Model	Parameter		Coefficient	Lower CI	Upper CI	p-Value *
Crude	Sleep Weekday	T1	−0.07	−0.33	0.19	0.595
R² = 0.012	Sleep Weekday	T2 (Reference)	0.00
	Sleep Weekday	T3	−0.60	−0.95	−0.26	0.001
	Sleep Weekend	T1	−0.17	−0.42	0.09	0.207
	Sleep Weekend	T2 (Reference)	0.00
	Sleep Weekend	T3	−0.09	−0.38	0.21	0.553
	Intercept		0.29	0.10	0.49	0.004
Model 1 ^†	Sleep Weekday	T1	−0.12	−0.36	0.12	0.325
R² = 0.18	Sleep Weekday	T2 (Reference)	0.00
	Sleep Weekday	T3	−0.48	−0.82	−0.15	0.005
	Sleep Weekend	T1	−0.10	−0.33	0.13	0.395
	Sleep Weekend	T2 (Reference)	0.00
	Sleep Weekend	T3	0.10	−0.18	0.38	0.473
	Sex	women vs. men	0.63	0.46	0.80	<0.001
	Ethnicity	non-white vs. white	0.40	0.15	0.64	0.002
	Age	(years)	0.04	0.04	0.05	<0.001
	Total Energy Intake	(MJ)	0.19	0.15	0.24	<0.001
	Intercept		−3.42	−3.93	−2.91	<0.001
Model 2 ^‡	Sleep Weekday	T1	−0.12	−0.35	0.11	0.301
R² = 0.28	Sleep Weekday	T2 (Reference)	0.00
	Sleep Weekday	T3	−0.45	−0.78	−0.12	0.007
	Sleep Weekend	T1	−0.04	−0.26	0.18	0.729
	Sleep Weekend	T2 (Reference)	0.00
	Sleep Weekend	T3	0.17	−0.10	0.44	0.215
	Sex	women vs. men	0.57	0.40	0.73	<0.001
	Ethnicity	non-white vs. white	0.34	0.10	0.59	0.006
	Smoking status	Ex-regular cigarette smoker	0.71	0.47	0.95	<0.001
		Never smoker	0.81	0.61	1.01	<0.001
	Socioeconomic Status	Q1	0.00
		Q2	−0.34	−0.60	−0.08	0.010
		Q3	−0.38	−0.65	−0.10	0.007
		Q4	−0.24	−0.52	0.04	0.093
		Q5	−0.64	−0.84	−0.44	<0.001
		Q6	0.17	−0.42	0.75	0.579
	Age	(years)	0.04	0.04	0.05	<0.001
	BMI	(kg/m²)	−0.02	−0.04	−0.01	0.001
	Total Energy Intake	(MJ)	0.17	0.13	0.22	<0.001
	Intercept		−2.94	−3.59	−2.28	<0.001
Complete-cases model ^§	Sleep Weekday	T1	−0.12	−0.35	0.11	0.304
Complete-cases model ^§	Sleep Weekday	T2 (Reference)
R² = 0.29	Sleep Weekday	T3	−0.41	−0.77	−0.06	0.021
	Sleep Weekend	T1	−0.04	−0.26	0.18	0.742
	Sleep Weekend	T2 (Reference)
	Sleep Weekend	T3	0.18	−0.10	0.45	0.199
	Sex	women vs. men	0.52	0.35	0.69	0
	Ethnicity	non-white vs. white	0.33	0.13	0.54	0.001
	Smoking status	Ex-regular cigarette smoker	0.68	0.42	0.94	<0.001
		Never smoker	0.77	0.55	0.99	<0.001
	Socioeconomic Status (NS-SEC)	Q1
		Q2	−0.34	−0.62	−0.07	0.014
		Q3	−0.39	−0.67	−0.11	0.007
		Q4	−0.21	−0.52	0.09	0.175
		Q5	−0.69	−0.90	−0.49	<0.001
		Q6	0.09	−0.54	0.71	0.785
	Age (years)		0.04	0.04	0.05	<0.001
	BMI	(kg/m²)	−0.02	−0.04	−0.01	<0.001
	Total Energy Intake	(MJ)	0.18	0.13	0.22	<0.001
	Intercept		−2.91	−3.58	−2.24	<0.001

Note: * p-Values were obtained taking into consideration complex survey design and weighted sample. Variables with p ≤ 0.01 were deemed to be significant. ^† Model 1 adjusted for sex, ethnicity, National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC), age, smoking status, and mean daily energy intake. Sample size consisted of an unweighted n = 2697. ^‡ Model 2 additionally adjusted for sex, ethnicity, NS-SEC, age, smoking status, mean daily energy intake, and BMI. § Sample size consisted of an unweighted n = 2433. Abbreviations: T, tertile; Q, quantile; BMI, Body mass index; kg, kilograms; m, meters; MJ, millijoules.