Table 1.
Summary of the percent (%) LDL-cholesterol lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols (PSS) as described in meta-analyses.
| Meta-Analysis | PSS Intake (Mean Dose or Dose Range) (g/day) | Number of Studies/Strata Included | Relative Reduction in LDL-C in % Plus 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in Brackets () |
|---|---|---|---|
| Katan et al., 2003 [3] | 0.7–1.1 | 8 | −6.7 (−4.9; −8.6) |
| 1.5–1.9 | 13 | −8.5 (−7.0; −10.1) | |
| 2.0–2.4 | 14 | −8.9 (−7.4; −10.5) | |
| ≥2.5 | 21 | −11.3 (−10.2; −12.3) | |
| Demonty et al., 2009 [5] | 2.15 * | 141 | −8.8 (−8.3; −9.4) |
| Musa-Veloso et al., 2011 [6] | 2.63 (stanols) * | 60 | −10.3 |
| 1.78 (sterols) * | 120 | −7.7 | |
| Ras et al., 2014 [7] | dose <1.0 | 24 | −5.7 (−4.4; −7.1) |
| ≥1.0 dose <1.5 | 13 | −6.4 (−4.6; −8.2) | |
| ≥1.5 dose <2.0 | 55 | −7.6 (−6.8; −8.4) | |
| ≥2.0 dose <2.5 | 60 | −8.4 (−7.6; −9.2) | |
| ≥2.5 dose <3.0 | 17 | −10.3 (−8.9; −13.6) | |
| ≥3.0 dose <4.0 | 27 | −12.4 (−11.2; −13.6) |
* Refers to the mean daily intake based on all included studies/strata. PSS: plant sterols and stanols.