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. 2018 Sep 7;10(9):1262. doi: 10.3390/nu10091262

Table 4.

LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect of plant sterol (PSter) intake separated for men and women based on previously published intervention studies.

Study PSter Intake (g/day) Study Duration in Weeks Study Population Relative Reduction in LDL-C in % Plus 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in Brackets () as Compared to Control Gender by Treatment Interaction
Overall Men Women
Trautwein et al., 2018 [12] 2 6 Individuals at risk of and with established T2DM n = 138
−4.6 (−1.2; −8.0) *
n = 79
−5.8 (−1.4; −10.1) *
n = 59
−3.0 (+2.3; −8.1)
p = 0.414
Ras et al., 2015 [63] 3 4
8
12
Hyper-cholesterolemic healthy individuals n = 220
−7.6 (−4.0; −11.0 *
−8.2 (−4.9; −11.3) *
−6.7 (−2.6; −10.5) *
n = 134
−6.8 (−2.2; −11.2) *
−9.0 (−4.7; −13.0) *
−6.9 (−1.7; −11.8) *
n = 86
−8.8 (−3.1; −14.3) *
−6.9 (−1.5; −12.0) *
−6.4 (+0.1; −12.5)
p = 0.582
p = 0.546
p = 0.901
Hendriks, et al., 2003 [64] 1.6 13
26
39
52
Healthy individuals n = 185
−3.6 (+0.3; −7.3)
−5.3 (−1.5; −8.9) *
−6.0 (−2.3; −9.6) *
−5.5 (−1.5; −9.4) *
n = 90
−4.3 (+1.2; −9.6)
−5.7 (−0.4; −10.8) *
−7.1 (−1.9; −12.1) *
−6.7 (−1.0; −12.1) *
n = 95
−2.8 (+2.8; −8.1)
−5.0 (+0.5; −10.1)
−5.0 (+0.3; −10.1)
−4.4 (+1.4; −9.9)
p = 0.694
p = 0.841
p = 0.575
p = 0.570

* Statistically significant compared to placebo, p < 0.05.