Table A1.

Experiment apparatuses.

Instruments	Model	Manufacturer	Usage
Electronic balance	BS224S	Sartorius-mechatronics (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China	Weighing
Ball mill	SFM-3	Hefei kejing materials technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, China	Slurry preparation
Rotary-vane Vaccum Pump	VP-1	Taizhou zhengkong pump industry Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China	Slurry degassing
Freeze-casting device	——	Self-made, Beijing, China	Directional solidification of slurry
Freeze drier	FD-1A-50	Shanghai bilang manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China	Cryogenic distillation
Muffle furnace	KSL-1700X	Hefei kejing materials technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, China	Ceramic sinter
Water bath kettle	XMTD-204	Chunlan experimental instrument factory, Changzhou, China	Prepolymerization
Oven	ZK-30AB	Shanghai shenguang instrument and meter Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China	polymerization
Grinding and polishing machine	UNIPOL-1200S	Shenyang kejing automation equipment Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China	Polishing
Ultrasonic cleaner	KX-1840T	Manufacture Expert, Tianjin, China	Cleaning the sample
Bench diamond wire cutter	STX-402	Shenyang kejing automation equipment Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China	Cutting sample
Universal electronic material testing machine	LN-939CS	Guangdong lina industrial Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China	Determine sample compression strength
Cold field emission scanning electron microscope.	SU8010	Hitachi (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China	Observe the interface microstructure of porous ceramics and layered composites
Microhardness analyzer	HVT-1000	Shanghai zhong yan instrument factory, Shanghai, China	Measure the surface microhardness of the layered composite.
Material surface performance tester.	CFT-1	Lanzhou zhongke kaihua technology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China	The correlating friction and wear test
Laser microscope	VKX-100	KEYENCE (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China	Measurement of roughness and worn marks diameter