Table 1.
Biosensing Platforms for Real-time and Non-invasive Monitoring of Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation.
| Types of Stem Cells | Types of Differentiation | Substrate | Detection Method | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSC | Neurogenesis | PEDOT-PSS modified MEA | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy | [36] |
| NSC | Neurogenesis | Gold sensing electrode | Capacitance array sensor | [37] |
| NSC | Neurogenesis | Gold nanostar | Cyclic voltammetry and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy | [38] |
| NSC | Neurogenesis | 3D-GO encapsulated gold nanostructure | Raman spectroscopy | [40] |
| NSC | Neurogenesis | Pyrolyzed carbon 3D scaffolds | Amperometry | [41] |
| NSC | Neurogenesis | Large-scale homogeneous nanocup-electrode arrays | Cyclic voltammetry | [42] |
| MSC | Osteogenesis and adipogenesis | Quartz glass | Raman spectroscopy | [17] |
| MSC | Osteogenesis | Planar electrode-based chip | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy | [51] |
| MSC | Adipogenesis and osteogenesis | Gold microelectrode arrays | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy | [52] |
| MSC | Neurogenesis | Gold nano-dot surface | Cyclic voltammetry | [54] |
| MSC | Adipogenesis | Coverslip glass | Raman spectroscopy | [58] |
| MSC | Osteogenesis | Quartz dish | Raman spectroscopy | [60] |
| ESC | - | ITO/GNPs/RGD/Matrigel composites | Differential Pulse Voltammetry | [23] |
| ESC | - | Gold films | Cyclic voltammetry | [24] |
| ESC | Cardiogenesis | Tissue Culture flask and micro-bioreactors | Raman spectroscopy | [67,68] |
| ESC | - | Gold electrode | Cyclic voltammetry | [72] |