Table 4.

Comparison of key characteristics of DILS (diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome) and SS (Sjögren’s syndrome). Both are characterized by focal lymphocytic sialoadenitis [146].

Category	Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome	Sjögren’s Syndrome
association	HIV/AIDS	Autoimmune diseases
histology	glandular CD8+ T cell infiltration	primarily CD4+ T cell infiltration (staining not usually performed)
clinical manifestations	parotiditis xerostomia xerotoconjunctivitis sicca hypergammaglobulinemia possible extraglandular organ involvement	usually no parotiditis xerostomia keratoconjuncitivits sicca hypergammaglobulinemia possible extraglandular organ involvement
laboratory tests supporting diagnosis	HIV seropositivity autoantibodies rarely present	autoantibodies including ANA, SS-A (Ro), SS-B (La), RF
HLA association	DR5 (DR11), DR6 (DR13)	B8, DR2, DR3, DR4, DQ2, A1
treatment	ART, corticosteroids, symptomatic treatment	symptomatic treatment