Table 3.
Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) content in patients receiving particular antihypertensive monotherapy.
| Parameter | Diuretics | Ca-Antagonists | Β-blockers | ACE-I | ARB | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I Stage | II Stage | (Δ) | I Stage | II Stage | (Δ) | I Stage | II Stage | (Δ) | I Stage | II Stage | (Δ) | I Stage | II Stage | (Δ) | |
| Serum (µmol/L) | |||||||||||||||
| Fe | 16.5 ± 7.0 | 17.7 ± 6.2 | 0.07 | 19.2 ± 6.8 | 18.8 ± 8.3 | −0.02 | 16.5 ± 6.1 | 16.7 ± 6.6 | 0.01 | 18.0 ± 8.1 | 17.9 ± 7.4 | −0.01 | 17.9 ± 5.0 | 18.5 ± 5.6 | 0.03 |
| Zn | 10.1 ± 1.5 | 9.1 ± 1.2 * | −0.10 | 9.8 ± 1.8 | 9.5 ± 1.5 | −0.03 | 9.9 ± 1.7 | 9.8 ± 1.5 | −0.01 | 10.2 ± 1.8 | 9.4 ± 1.5 * | −0.08 | 11.2 ± 1.8 | 9.9 ± 1.5 | −0.12 |
| Cu | 15.3 ± 2.0 | 15.5 ± 2.1 | 0.01 | 16.4 ± 3.1 | 16.3 ± 2.1 | −0.01 | 15.7 ± 3.0 | 15.2 ± 2.9 | −0.03 | 15.3 ± 2.1 | 17.2 ± 2.3 | 0.12 | 14.7 ± 1.6 | 15.0 ± 1.4 | 0.02 |
| Erythrocytes (µmol/g Hgb) | |||||||||||||||
| Fe | 48.9 ± 8.1 | 49.9 ± 8.7 | 0.02 | 51.2 ± 7.4 | 53.4 ± 8.3 | 0.04 | 48.8 ± 7.3 | 53.2 ± 9.5 | 0.09 | 49.8 ± 9.8 | 53.6 ± 12.0 | 0.08 | 49.6 ± 9.4 | 53.6 ± 11.2 | 0.08 |
| Zn | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 * | −0.20 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 * | −0.20 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.00 |
| Cu | 44.0 ± 10.2 | 46.1 ± 10.6 | 0.05 | 40.3 ± 10.4 | 44.5 ± 11.0 | 0.10 | 41.6 ± 10.6 | 42.7 ± 9.7 | 0.03 | 41.9 ± 10.9 | 43.0 ± 10.2 | 0.03 | 44.6 ± 10.5 | 43.2 ± 9.6 | −0.03 |
| Urine (µmol/24 h) | |||||||||||||||
| Fe | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 0.10 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | −0.05 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 0.41 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0.33 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | −0.09 |
| Zn | 4.8 ± 2.0 | 7.2 ± 1.8 * | 0.50 | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 7.3 ± 2.1 | 0.22 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 0.06 | 5.6 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 2.0 | 0.02 | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 6.1 ± 1.9 | −0.05 |
| Cu | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.14 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.00 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.14 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | −0.25 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.10 |
| Hair (µg/g) | |||||||||||||||
| Fe | 16.0 ± 4.1 | 17.5 ± 4.0 | 0.09 | 14.4 ± 1.8 | 13.5 ± 1.7 | −0.06 | 13.9 ± 4.3 | 14.3 ± 4.9 | 0.03 | 17.6 ± 3.2 | 16.2 ± 3.3 | −0.08 | 9.8 ± 5.6 | 8.9 ± 5.4 | −0.09 |
| Zn | 134.9 ± 25.9 | 131.9 ± 24.8 | −0.02 | 123.2 ± 19.9 | 119.2 ± 19.1 | −0.03 | 135.1 ± 21.1 | 128.2 ± 20.1 | −0.05 | 109.8 ± 30.2 | 104.2 ± 28.9 | −0.05 | 122.2 ± 20.0 | 117.1 ± 19.3 | −0.04 |
| Cu | 14.9 ± 6.2 | 15.6 ± 6.4 | 0.05 | 14.3 ± 5.0 | 13.0 ± 4.1 | −0.09 | 20.1 ± 12.1 | 21.6 ± 13.1 | 0.07 | 15.7 ± 9.6 | 16.6 ± 10.5 | 0.06 | 20.7 ± 5.5 | 21.5 ± 6.1 | 0.04 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ACE-I—angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB—angiotensin II receptor antagonists; Hgb—hemoglobin; (Δ)—relative change [(Δ) = (II stage value − I stage value)/I stage value]; *—significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to stage I. The n-value of each analyzed study group is presented in Table 1.