Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Variable | Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 73.7 ± 5.8 |
| Height (cm) | 151.5 ± 5.1 |
| Weight (kg) | 51.0 ± 8.0 |
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5), n (%) | 19 (10%) |
| Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25.0), n (%) | 134 (70%) |
| Obese (25.0 ≤ BMI), n (%) | 39 (20%) |
| Regular exercise, n (%) | 127 (66.1%) |
| Upper limb SMM (kg) | 3.26 ± 0.65 |
| Upper limb FM (kg) | 2.17 ± 0.85 |
| Upper limb SMM/FM ratio | 1.76 ± 1.36 |
| Lower limb SMM (kg) | 10.62 ± 1.54 |
| Lower limb FM (kg) | 5.07 ± 1.54 |
| Lower limb SMM/FM ratio | 2.31 ± 1.04 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 22.1 ± 3.7 |
| Knee extension strength (kgf) | 19.9 ± 5.0 |
| Disease | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 80 (42%) |
| Orthopedic disease, n (%) | 40 (21%) |
| Hyperglycemia, n (%) | 30 (16%) |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 10 (5%) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6 (3%) |
| Pulmonary disease, n (%) | 5 (3%) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 3 (2%) |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 3 (2%) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 2 (1%) |
| Cancer, n (%) | 2 (1%) |
| Others, n (%) | 34 (18%) |
SMM, skeletal muscle mass; BMI, body mass index; FM, fat mass.